Slaughter House-Five by Kurt Vonnegut :: essays research papers

Butcher House-Five by Kurt Vonnegut Butcher house-Five, composed by Kurt Vonnegut is a post present day novel, endeavoring to sabotage the peruser's desires. The epic doesn't have smooth advances starting with one occasion then onto the next. The explanation is, since the novel reflects present day man's life. Since the novel isn't smooth it is befuddling. This is much the same as present day man's life, confounding. Another scholarly gadget is, it is hard to follow. At the point when the novel is difficult to peruse the peruser can't appreciate and comprehend the book. This is the ticket current society is too(difficult to follow). Another abstract gadget is the novel's characters need profundity. The characters need progressively distinct subtleties. This reflects man by saying that man needs profundity and isn't well adjusted. The book subverts the novel's ordinary methodology. These are a few explanations behind the sabotaging of the peruser's desires. The epic doesn't have smooth advances from one occasion to the next one. "Billy flickered in 1958, headed out so as to 1961." After a section, "Billy Pilgrim settled like a spoon with the vagabond on Christmas night, and he nodded off, and he headed out so as to 1967. At the point when Billy is in 1958, he is occupied with discussing World War Two. At that point out of nowhere he goes through an ideal opportunity to 1967 and he winds up being kidnaped by outsiders from Tralfamadore. So when the story changes, the peruser's brain needs to alter to the changes. The occasions simply spring up out of nowhere. Current man consistently has amazes in life that simply spring up simply like this novel. Throughout everyday life there is normally no smooth changes. It is unexpected and abrupt. Billy Pilgrim(protagonist) goes through time in an ungainly sequential request. In life individuals don't adjust to various circumstances with no issue. In this book, moving starting with one circumstance then onto the next is implied to be poor. The book is hard to follow. It has numerous little stories in it. Traveler is in World War Two and afterward he winds up being with outsiders from Tralfadamore. A portion of these subjects are difficult to understand. This represents current life since it is hard to understand the understandings of life. For instance, Roland Weary is one of Billy's war sidekicks. He continued giving a good old fashioned thumping to Billy. The tale makes reference to that Weary treat Pilgrim like this to teach him, however he over does it. Is it, in light of the fact that Weary is a sociopath or has something

Marketing Analysis of Gloria Jean’s Essay

Australian Coffee Making industry Australian espresso industry keeps on developing and flood ahead. Australia has developed as one of the most perceiving and gainful espresso areas on the planet, and the astonishing money related figures spent on espresso in Australia every year bolster worldwide observations that Australians are in a situation to pass judgment on the benefits of good espresso. In the course of recent years, Australia’s Cafes and Coffee Shops industry has shown itself to be a complex, profoundly serious and fruitful industry. Industry players have profited tremendously from the nation’s love of value espresso, which guided the business through the ongoing monetary downturn, during which it outflanked rival cordiality ventures, for example, cafés and providing food. Claim to fame cafés in Australia are turning into a worthwhile area, because of a developing espresso culture and expanding diversifying openings. Australia’s solid espresso drinking society has vigorously impacted d evelopment in claim to fame cafés, particularly among the more youthful age Gloria Jean’s in Australian Market Gloria Jean’s Coffees is devoted to offering the world’s most excellent claim to fame espresso †from bean to cup. Australian claimed and privately worked, the Gloria Jean’s Coffees family presently extends far and wide over the globe, with more than 1,000 cafés in 39 nations. It is blend of energy, duty to their networks and devotion to conveying the best espresso to their visitors that joins their worldwide group in a similar Vision †to be the most cherished and regarded espresso organization on the planet. Gloria Jean’s Coffees was established by Gloria Jean Kvetko in 1979 in Chicago, USA. Gloria Jean’s Coffees started as a little espresso and blessing shop in Chicago USA which currently has more than 110 areas all through the U.S. Gloria Jean’s Coffees USA is claimed by Diedrich Coffee, Inc situated in Irvine, California. In 1995, Nabi Saleh and Peter Irvine, previous Managing Director of publicizing organization DDB Needham, visited the United States to test the Gloria Jean’s Coffees brand. Saleh and Irvine distinguished the open door for this brand in Australia, buying the universal authorizing rights from Diedrich Coffee, Inc. They set up Jireh International Pty Ltd the organization that holds the option to establishment Gloria Jean’s Coffees in Australia, and bought the rights to the Gloria Jean’s Coffees brand for every other nation from Diedrich Coffee, Inc, with the special cases of the USA and Puerto Rico. In late 1996, Jireh International Pty Ltd opened the first Gloria Jean’s Coffees store in Miranda, Sydney, and after fourteen days another in Eastgardens, likewise in Sydney. These hides away set up to test the idea in the Australian market. In mid 1998, Gloria Jean’s Coffees Australia diversified its first store and inside six years had opened 185 stores possessed and worked by more than 100 franchisees. In 2003, an establishment opened in Darwin; this implied the brand was currently settled in each Australian state and domain. Jireh International Pty Ltd framed a North American Affiliate, Praise International North America, Inc. what's more, as of June 14, 2009, the North American rights were sold by Diedrich Coffee to the American Affiliate of the Australian holding organization. Vision of Gloria Jean’s To be the most adored and regarded espresso organization around the world. Strategic Gloria Jean’s Gloria Jean’s Coffees is focused on building a bound together family, reliably serving the best espresso and giving an exceptional and customized administration in a dynamic store air. Goal of Report The goal of the report is to recognize the corporate and business techniques of Gloria Jean’s, its principle serious qualities and the potential dangers that Gloria Jean’s may go up against later on. Outside Environment Analysis of Australian Espresso Making Industry Large scale Environment (Six portions) Examination Worldwide Segment: Gloria Jean’s Coffees has firmly going into worldwide markets. It has collaborated with six new Master Franchise Partners in Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Oman and Azerbaijan. Gloria Jean’s Coffees supporters will before long have the option to appreciate a high quality mug of espresso in these worldwide markets. The gatherings of customers are enthusiastic about brands, particularly such worldwide way of life marks as Gloria Jean’s Coffees. Financial Segment: Australia has had one of the most remarkable economies of the world as of late. As a high-development, low-expansion, low loan cost economy, it is more dynamic than any other time in recent memory. There is a productive government division, an adaptable work advertise and an exceptionally serious business area. Gloria Jean’s has accepted this open door as buyers in Australia have higher discretionary cashflow and are eager to spend more. Segment: Gloria Jean’s Coffee is right now focusing on little market section, youthful grown-ups portion, which contains individuals age 18 to 25 years of age, contrasted with Starbucks, 15 to 64 years of age. Other than that, Gloria Jean’s fundamentally centers around female clients, where half of the deals originated from that specific sexual orientation. Political Segment: In Australia there are a few principles and guidelines that were made for the espresso business, for example, the Fair Trade Certificate and the Rainforest Alliance. Where the Fair Trade confirmation is an elective advertising framework intended to give the impeded ranchers ensured costs for their item while The Rainforest union spotlights on how homesteads are overseen as opposed to how items are exchanged. Gloria Jean’s needs to observe these guidelines when they went into Australian market. Socio-Cultural Segment: Australia’s solid espresso drinking society has vigorously impacted development in forte bistros, particularly among the more youthful age. Espresso drinking has become an essential piece of the cutting edge way of life in Australia and claim to fame cafés have gotten something other than a spot for espresso. This is a bit of leeway for Gloria Jean’s to get by in the Australian market. Mechanical Segment: Technological improvements in the espresso business are restricted. Requesting is one territory where innovation can be utilized. Gloria Jean’s purchases and meals its own espressos controlling the procedure from the bean to the cup. In this manner it is significant for them to know each part of the espresso business to guarantee that the items offered by them are top standard quality items and accessible consistently. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis As indicated by Porter, there are five powers that decide industry engaging quality and since quite a while ago run industry productivity. These five â€Å"competitive forces† are†(a) The danger of passage of new participants, (b) The danger of substitutes, (c) The dealing intensity of purchasers, (d) The haggling intensity of providers and (e) The level of contention between existing contenders. The espresso making industry in regard of Porter’s five powers investigation is given beneath: Threat of new contestants: There are no hindrances to section in coffeehouse advertise. The expense to set up another espresso business is proportionately lower than those related with growing new business in different enterprises. Indeed, even the four biggest players inside this market just have constrained piece of the overall industry, totaling not over 2% of the business. To open a coffeehouse typically just requires limited quantities of capital for apparatuses, fittings an d espresso machines. Baristas and cafã © prepared staff are promptly accessible, and to prepare new staff doesn't take long and isn't exorbitant. So we can say that it is the high danger of new contestants. Bartering intensity of purchasers: It is exceptionally simple for espresso purchasers to devour distinctive espresso and different alternatives. In urban areas, there are various alternatives for espresso consumers. Cafã © can be situated on for all intents and purposes each corner in every significant city in Australia. Moreover various cafés and burger joints serve espresso, as do some inexpensive food chains. People can likewise drink moment espresso or use espresso candy machines. So there is high bartering intensity of purchasers. Contention among contenders: As there are various rivals in the market, competition can be viewed as genuinely high. In numerous occurrences, contenders work nearby to each other. It isn't exceptional for cafã © strips to encompass office edifices and major urban amusement settings. In more sub urban situations, bistros are as yet littered all through shopping centers, espresso slows down are normally noticeable. So we can say that contention of contenders is high. Bartering intensity of provider: Suppliers can't impacts bistros as much as is conceivable in different ventures. Because of the quantity of bistros in the market, working connections are frequently not unreasonably close. Espresso beans are a profoundly exchanged ware both created countries and in the creating scene where a great part of the produce is developed. This prompts a successfully created and proficient market in the exchange of espresso beans. The outcome is that both starting and entire deal providers can't contend much on value separation. They should rather separate by means of the nature of their beans. So we can say that there is frail dealing intensity of providers. Danger of substitute: As referenced already, clients can change to equal bistros at almost no expense. Frequently to utilize a substitute cafã © includes strolling an extra ten to hundred meters in exceptionally urbanized zones. There are likewise endless different scenes that can be utilized for social gatherings, for example, bars, eatery and so forth. Conferences can be held at workplaces or at the settings referenced previously. Espresso is likewise subbed normally by tea and other caffeine items. It can likewise be subbed by moment items that are wid

Between Shots - Literature Essay Samples

In Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times, many elements of film are expertly used to best convey the message of the story. One of these elements, editing, is exploited by the use of its many advantageous techniques in order to create ties to the essential themes of Modern Times, such as Capitalism, the Great Depression, and Industrialization. By analyzing the most important types of transitions used such as fades and cuts, as well as stylistic aspects like temporality and reaction shots, it is clear that Chaplin succeeds in making the best editorial choices to nurture the setting of the Great Depression and the struggles of industrialization in society. To begin, Chaplin mainly relies on cuts to tell the story. Specifically in the factory scene, cuts are used between the control room and the assembly line; for example, between shots one and two of clip 2. Beyond that clip and throughout the scene, however, shots of Charlie are continuously interrupted by shots of the control room. There, the Boss orders a man to speed up the line. Then, the camera cuts to Charlie, who frantically tries to keep up with the changes. These cuts are used to create an anticipation in the audience. By cutting away from the assembly line and back to the control room in the pattern that it does, it creates a sense of predictability where viewers can recognize that by showing them the controls, something is about to change on the assembly line and affect Charlie (hence, there is a criticism being made between the idea of control and being control). In respect to the historical context of this film (the 1930s), it is clear that Modern Times is a satirical portrait of the working man’s life during the Great Depression, and the impact of industrialization. With this in mind, one can see that these cuts between the two locations not only allow for a comedic anticipation, but also for an emphasis on the idea of machines holding a great power over and being able to manipulate people. This is obvious as Charlie struggles to adapt to the change in speed of the assembly line, ultimately leading him to twitch and act robotically, even when he is no longer working the line. In this film, cuts like these are often shown between the controllers and the control-ee. For example, when returning to the Boss’ office to reveal the â€Å"Bellows Feeding Machine†. Again, decisions are made separate from the presence the Charlie (a lower-class, working man) where the Boss and the salesman decide to test the machine on him withou t asking for his permission. Cuts are used in Modern Times in order to present the working class as marionettes while revealing those who are pulling the strings on a separate platform (upper society and industrialization). Also, in Modern Times, as in most classic Hollywood films of its time, uses â€Å"continuity style† editing. This entails a temporality of â€Å"real-time action† in which the shots used in the film (for the most part) follow one another. For example, in between shots two and three of clip 2, when Charlie turns to leave the assembly line, the next shot shows him leaving the assembly line, starting at the exact same point from where the previous shot ended, only now following the action from a different angle. Without compromising time and space, the story proceeds for the audience as if they were actually there themselves, experiencing second-by-second what Charlie does. Chaplin used this style not only to avoid confusing his audience, but also to allow them to better feel and understand exactly what Charlie goes through, and to that way bring them closer to his character. For example, by watching Charlie go through a hard day’s work, audiences can better place t hemselves in his shoes because they are forced to live through the same antic-filled day he is. Hereby, audience can better relate to the lives of the working man, and feel for themselves the impatience, stress, and pressure these men were forced to face during the Great Depression.Overall, Chaplin succeeded in creating a film that was easy to get into and to develop emotional ties to by his use of the continuity style to better portray the emotion of the times. Interlaced with the continuity style, reaction shots are also a common element in this film. Reaction shots are a given in this film, because what better way to demonstrate Charlie’s defining qualities then to contrast him to other characters in the film? Not only do reaction shots add to the comedy of the film (as seen when Charlie has a mental break-down in the factory, and the other workers panic) but they also succeed in setting Charlie apart from the rest, which is what Chaplin aimed to do in this film. From the start, it is obvious that Charlie is not like the other members of society. He continuously struggles to conform to industrialization in the shoes of a mild-mannered factory worker. Instead, Charlie is buffoonish, clumsy, naive, mischievous and child-like; all qualities that serve as a stark contrast to the world of the Great Depression. By using reaction shots, Chaplin displays this well, thus adding to the depth of his characters, and the meaning of the story. Furthermore, the first transition seen is the fade between shots one, two, three, and four of clip 1. As the film begins with a shot of a herd of sheep walking, this fades to a shot of working men walking. This compares the men to sheep, being herded to work by a systematic oppression of freedom as they are forced to work in unappealing jobs in order to simply put bread on the table. The use of the fade emphasizes this message by keeping the viewers focused on the central figures (the sheep) and slowly replacing them with men. Rather than using a cut and briefly taking the viewer away from the action, the fade connects the two shots in a deeper way. Fades are used to replace the lack of a main character. Because it is only the beginning of the film, and the audience could easily become lost and confused by the disruption of time and space without a main character to follow, as a cut would do. Thus, fades help guide the viewers by taking them from the central action to the next focal point. Afterwards, once the scene is contextualized, Chaplin can resort to cuts to tell the story. To conclude, many styles and types of transitions are used in Modern Times. Although the above analysis provides many ideas as to how these elements are used to convey certain messages and create certain ties, it is all relative to the viewer. For instance, some may see the use of cuts as not necessarily a symbol for power dynamics, but rather as a medium used to advance the plot in a more exciting and active way. However, due to the historical context of the film, these cuts are essential in dividing the characters by social class and roles. Alternatively, some may say that the choice of continuity style was not necessarily a conscious decision based on its attributes and meaning, but rather as an unconscious choice made by default due to its popularity in Hollywood at that time. Despite this, Chaplin was an educated producer, and through his many endeavors in the film industry he pertains the creativity and innovation to treat his films as more than just slapstick comedy. Charlie Chaplin’s editorial choices in Modern Times are made specifically to relate to certain themes in the film particularly as a critique on capitalism, industrialization, and the division of classes in society as seen in the Great Depression.

Global Health Organization System Of The United Nations

Introduction Global health care continues to evolve as countries develop and also improve medical technology and treatments for diseases. Medical teams from developed countries continue to work in developing countries to treat patients and train locals with the medical skills they will need in order to help those in their community. The World Health Organization (WHO) is constantly monitoring and taking the lead when it comes to providing the health care that so many countries desperately need. Their primary mission is to direct and coordinate the international health within system of the United Nations. The World Health Organization set the standards, promote and monitor their plan. They also provide any technical support that is†¦show more content†¦There may always be barriers when it comes to global health care. Some of the reasons that this may stay the way it is can be due to issues such as education, culture and poverty that can be the barriers in global health. When you put education, culture and poverty together it can be positive or negative. Depending on how you want to see it. There are always health care situations in both the developed and developing countries that may not always be the same for many reasons. In this paper, I will identify how education, culture and poverty act together to cause barriers in global health. I will identify the impact of education, culture and poverty when it comes to healthcare barriers and how the total can be greater than each individual factor. There will be two case studies on specific global health issues in developed countries as well developing countries and when the factors are combined what the similarities and differences are and finally we will address how the cultural and educational competencies can be used to address barriers. Impact of education to healthcare barriers Education will continue to be a healthcare barrier until the developing countries are better educated and are able to have access to medicines and have healthcare professional of their own. Those who go to developing countries from the developed countries and have a background in health care, should have a strategy in-place. This

Human Resource Management An Organization - 3527 Words

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: Introduction: Human resource management is the all about of recruitment, employee’s selection, providing necessary training and skill development, assessment of employees, and all other factors related to the employees in organization. Human: refers to the skilled and unskilled workforce in the organization Resource: refers to limited availability of scarce Management: refers to the process of coordination of human resource in organization to get the best results is called management. Human resource management is the process of maximises utilization of available skilled workforce. The main key role of HRM is to get best results out of available human resource in organization. Human resource management is the back bone of any organization. Human resource management plays an important vital role to achieve high targets with minimum use of resources. Human resource management provides benefits, motivation, maintain proper relationship with labour, maintain employees’ safety, and all other issues linked with employees working in organization. There is a human mind behind the production of every product or service, hard work, effort or man hours. It is impossible to produce any product or service without help of human. Human being is the main resource for making or constructing anything. According to Edwin Flippo HRM is â€Å"planning, organizing, directing, controlling of procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and separation ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : The Management Of An Organization1250 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource management is the management of an organization to build and maintain the relation between the employee and the organization in order to meet business objectives and employee expectations. The process of hiring and developing employees so that they become more valuable to the organization. Human resource management is the governance of an organization s employee. HRM is sometimes referred to simply as human resource. HRM is the process of recruitment, selection of employee, providingRead MoreHuman Resource Management : The Management Of An Organization980 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview Human Resource Management is the management of an organization’s employees. When a company designates a Human Resource (HR) department, those in HR are the ones responsible for overseeing the well-being of personnel in the workplace, and focus on how to attract, hire, train, motivate, and maintain employees of the organization. (DeCenzo, Robbins, Verhulst, 2013, p4). According to David S. Bright from the Raj Soin College of Business at Wright State UniversityRead MoreHuman Resource Management And An Organization Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource management is a tool in an organization, which focuses on the recruitment, management, and giving direction to the people who work in the organization. Human resource management is a vital component, which deals with issues concerned with people. Such issues include, hiring, performance management, developmental issues, safety, staff welfare, benefits and staff motivation. An organization cannot create a group of profess ional working staff without better human resources (Stewart, Read MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization1420 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource management is a term that is often used loosely and is assumed to be common sense, but the people behind good human resource teams know that those accusations are simply not true. HRM is all about how to manage people in the most effective manner in order to produce the best outcome for the company. HRM has many fascists, including recruitment of employees, initial training, hiring, advising employees, developing job descriptions, providing ongoing training to all employees, developingRead MoreHuman Resource Management At An Organization1488 Words   |  6 PagesAs a human resource manager, there is a duty to manage workforce productivity. This adds on to the normal workload and responsibility of a human resource manager but is needed for optimizing the return on investment for the organizations’ labor expense. When looki ng at any organizations’ human resource department the main purpose is its effectiveness both in staff and in business. In order to be effective, most human resource managers first must develop an effective professional. That begins withRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource Management is very important in every organization. It satisfies the needs of man power and creates an atmosphere where all employees can work together to achieve the goals of an organization. HRM role is to plan how to recruit right people and give experienced and well trained workforce to organization. It makes plans for training and development of human resource in an organization. The main functions of Human Resource Management in an organization are given below: 1. RecruitmentRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization1524 Words   |  7 Pagestougher competition, Human Resource Management has taken on roles that have intermeshed them with the company as a strategic partner rather than just an individualized operating type system focused on simple tasks. Critical to a corporation’s growth and success is their ability to gain a competitive edge. Superior Human Resource Management assists the organizations fulfill its goals and attain success. This paper will outline why it is essential for Human Resource Management to transform beyond itsRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management As competition increases around the world, leading companies in every business category have recognized that having a quality workforce can help the company gain a competitive advantage in the market. Many companies have started hiring people irrespective of their race, sex, religion, nationality etc. The critical thing for any company is to understand and use potential of their workforce. Building and managing top-quality workforce is not as easy as it may seem. In orderRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization910 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Greer, Youngblood, and Gray (1999), it appears that in today’s business environment, one might argue that human resource management (HR) departments are being questioned to change what is described as their bureaucratic culture and to be customer –oriented, and provide outstanding service. Thus, in order to accomplish this, one might argue that it requires outsourcing in combination with an internal HR focus on a particular organization’s core competencies, particularly when it meansRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization Essay3485 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract Human resource management plays an intricate role to at every company. The human resource profession has grown rapidly throughout the years creating multiple departments which specialize in specific areas. Categorized as a large corporation, Nestle Purina Petcare Company utilizes all functions of HR management. Having an organized and developed HR team allows the company to function and develop efficiently. There are seven main functions in which human resource management can be categorized

Humanistic Era Reflection Paper free essay sample

George Elton Mayo is known as the founder of the Human Relations Movement, and is well known for his research on the Hawthorne Studies. The Hawthorne Studies were the beginning point for a dramatic change in how organizations and managers began to not view workers as machines, but began to view the role of human behavior as dynamic. In 1931, one company went on record saying the following about the outcome of the Hawthorne Studies: â€Å"Upon analysis, only one thing seemed to show a continuous relationship with this improved output. This was the mental attitude of the workers. From their conversations with each other and their comments to the test observers, it was not only clear this area of employee reactions and feelings was a fruitful field for industrial research (Gautschi, 1989). † There were many other great contributors to this perspective. There was Mary Parker Follet who recognized what she called integration, which can be explained as the motivating factors of both the group and individual. She advocated that an organization needs to view their relationship with their staff of â€Å"power with† and not â€Å"power over†. Then there was Chester Barnard who was one of the first to examine the idea of the cooperative system. This suggests that an organization should strive to match their organizational goals with those goals of the individuals working for them. (Wren Bedeian, 2009) Another contributor to the Human Relations Perspective was Abraham Maslow. Maslow is one of the more well known behavioral theorists, and his contribution to the Humanistic Era would be his Hierarchy of Needs theory. This theory states that an individual has 5 levels of needs (physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization). He felt each need of hierarchy had to be met before moving onto satisfying the next need. There was also a theorist by the name Douglas McGregor. His theory was known as Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor believed there were two groups of people, X and Y. X people are people with little ambition, don’t like their job, avoid responsibility, etc. Y people are people who want to do the right thing, be self-directed and achieve the organizations goals. This theory states the role of management is to direct the efforts of the workers, motivate them, and control their actions and to recognize and achieve their positive attributes (Shafritz Ott, 2001). Lastly, there was Hugo Munsterberg who was noted as the father of industrial psychology. He has been credited for starting one of the first personnel departments (Wren Bedeian, 2009). Next there was the Social Person Perspective of the Humanistic Era. The Social Person Perspective was the result of historical events that took place from about the 1930’s to the 1950’s. During this time period is when â€Å"Personnel† changed into â€Å"Human Resource Management (HRM)†. Management began to strategically focus more on the long-term success of the organization. Management theories changed from trait theory to an integration of social and behavioral theories focusing on leader-follower, contingency, and human relations. This perspective also brought the importance of self-awareness, self-actualization, and self-esteem; and an emphasis on effective communication and the relationship between management and labor. One of the big contributors to the Social Persons Perspective was the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States, strongly supported the Efficiency Movement, which was a movement stating that the government and the economy were taken over with inefficiency and waste. He felt this issue could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. However, Hoover ultimately failed losing the election in 1932 (Wren Bedeian, 2009). Another contribution to the Social Person Perspective as the fact that the government became more heavily involved in U. S. business improvement efforts during the 1930s. The government submitted many legislative actions that established programs to help the unemployed and middle class. This led to organized labor unions and helped a balance of power between labor and management. Many believe that the big increase in labor unions was directly related to the terrible economic condition. However, at the time unions provided average employees with job security and safety. In an effort to ensure employees and employers were treated ethically within labor unions, the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) and the Taft-Hartley Act (Labor-Management Relations Act) were established. The Taft-Hartley added a list of unfair labor practices, on the part of unions to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), which previously only prohibited unfair labor practices committed by employers. These laws reduced the amount of power an employer had over its employees. Because of these acts, management had to take into consideration many other factors when managing their employees. This made it important for managers to have a top-level managerial view point. Another big contributor was the Post World War II efforts. Post World War II efforts led to organizations expanding and collecting on the economic benefits of supplying products and services to the military. This led to increased labor forces and advancements in technology. All of these expansions and advancements made it necessary for organizations to have well-trained and educated managers who understood the needs of the organization, and the relationships of the organization’s groups, individuals, and environmental factors. After World War II universities started increasing their emphasis and interest in teaching and educations the practice of management (Wren Bedeian, 2009). The Humanistic Era of Management, both the Human Relations and the Social Person Perspective’s principles/concepts are very relevant today. An individual’s needs are an important piece to an organization’s effectiveness. Monetary incentives are not the only important piece to satisfying an individual’s needs (Coles, 2001). Speaking from personal experience, when an employee is treated more as a team member, they begin to care more about the outcome of their work. Most individuals want to be part of a group or team, and when this takes place, an employee will care more about the effort they put into their work. Additionally, the concept of a need for top-level managerial viewpoint is very relevant in today’s manager’s role. This era started the need for trained and educated managers. Now managers are expected to have an education and training and have strong management skills. This era also started the importance of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. This is also very important to today’s managers. Managers need to lead their staff, while maintaining ethical practices.

Water Symbolism Throughout The Novel Essays - English-language Films

Water Symbolism Throughout The Novel A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway, is a story about love and war. Frederic Henry, a young American, works as an ambulance driver for the Italian army in World War I. He falls tragically in love with a beautiful English nurse, Miss Catherine Barkley. This tragedy is reflected by water. Throughout the novel Ernest Hemingway uses water as metaphors. Rivers are used as symbols of rebirth and escape and rain as tragedy and disaster, which show how water plays an important role in the story. Rivers in A Farewell to Arms represent rebirth. They symbolize a departure from a previous life and an entrance to a new one. The first evidence of this comes during the retreat of the Italian troops from their post. While walking with his fellow soldiers, Frederic is arrested and fears that he will be executed. He jumps in the river with a splash allowing it to float him along. It is like when Frederic jumps in the river, he is baptizing himself and cleansing his soul. The trip down the river gives him time to think about his future life with Catherine, even though he is uncertain if there will ever be a future between them again. The river eventually takes him to a railroad where he makes the decision that he is done with the war and that he made his farewell to arms. Hemingway uses water as a metaphoric cleansing for Frederic's past experiences. When Henry emerged from the river, it was as if he was reborn. Rivers in this novel can also be a symbol for an escape. Weeks later, when Frederic hears from the barman about his expected arrest, he and Catherine escape for Switzerland by boat. They leave their old lives behind in search of a clean start in Switzerland. They row along the river, finally reaching their destination. Upon their arrival they are arrested, but then quickly released. It was again as if the river has established an opportunity to lead a new life, away from the war in Italy to a more comfortable life. Henry's and Catherine's escape through the river not only leads them to a better life but the unborn child, too. As a symbol of tragedy rain is frequently used by Hemingway in this novel. Rain is a symbol of disaster already beginning in the first chapter when the reader learns that the war is not going well and that the the permanent rain brought the cholera. Here rain is related to illness. Rain also falls when Frederic and Catherine are looking for a hotel room so they can be together before Frederic must leave for the front. Catherine buys a nightgown for the evening. And when they find a room, she looks in the mirrors and feels cheap, while Frederic looks outside at the storm. The rain degrades the farewell of Frederic, and Catherine tells him that ?[she] never felt like a whore before. Rain also falls during the troop's retreat which is symbolizing a failure. One night when Catherine and Frederic are in the hotel in Italy, Frederic awakens to the sound of rain and learns that he will be arrested. And during their time of escape from Italy to Switzerland it is very windy and rainy. That sy mbolizes how their escape would definitely be difficult. It takes them many hours to row to Switzerland's shore. A second role that rain plays in A Farewell to Arms is to reflect death. On a rainy day when Frederic is recovering from his injury, Catherine describes the weather as scary. She tells him that she is afraid of the rain ?because sometimes [she] sees them dead in it. This may be interpreted as meaning that rain is an omen of death. And Hemingway foreshadows through this sentence how rain will symbolically impede and end their relationship. When the time comes for Catherine to have her baby, it is raining again and it continues to rain during the delivery. It is still raining when she and the child die, which proves Catherine's fears to be correct. Hemingway uses rain as a sign of death, sadness or to give one of his characters the state of