Social Inequality in the Modern Era

Social Inequality in the Early Modern Era Throughout history, there has been an extreme discrimination against different groups of people. Women have been disrespected just because of what their religion’s holy book says. The Pope had the authority over state, not the monarch. The color of your skin has even determined your rank in society. Even though this was more in the early modern era, it still happens today. People have had to work their way to gain rights. Examples of social inequality in the modern era are the separation of church and state, rights of women, and the social construction of race.According to the Bible, the woman was created mainly as a mate for man, not the other way around. Women are incapable of making decisions, thus they are inferior to men. This is the same for Islam because in the Koran it says, â€Å"The men are made responsible for the women, since God endowed them with certain equalities, and made them the bread earners†. Also in Islam, t he role of the women is to manage the household, take care of the expenses, teach their children, and help with the agriculture. And women are expected 100% to do so of these things.Since the purpose of religion is to bring order and people something to believe in, this is what is expected in society. In the Great Chain of Being, the family is divided into ranks. The father is at the tops of the family, the mother being the second. Even in the Enlightenment this idea is passed through Jean-Jacques Rousseau that a women’s education is secondary to men. In the early modern era, the church was clearly over the monarch. Before the Protestant reformation, everybody got their ideas from the Pope.Since most people could not read, the Pope was basically running the country, with the monarch having little power. Martin Luther argued that â€Å"each man can be his own Priest† and that everybody is in fact equal with each other. The Pope should no longer have authority over anybo dy because what he is doing is wrong. The Catholic Church still tried to support their argument by saying the Church’s interpretation of the Bible is final, but some still converted to Lutheranism. Some monarchs tried to withhold the power of the church.Queen Elizabeth abolished the Catholic Church, and created the Anglican Church giving her more power and abolishing the Pope. In the social construction of race, whites are above everybody. The only reason why they are the superior race is because they have created the social construction of race. This dates back to when the Europeans first discovered the new world inhabited by Native Americans. They thought the Native Americans as natural-born slaves. Juan Gines de Sepulveda argued that Native Americans are â€Å"slaves by nature, uncivilized, barbarian, and inhuman†.Aristotle even thought that indigenous people were not human. When the Native American population died down, Europeans started to discriminate blacks. In the paternal order, whites were at the top, the house servants were in the middle, and the field slaves were on the bottom. This was based on skin color because most likely the house servants were biracial. It was seen that this order was â€Å"ordained by god† and this was for the slaves own safety because they are like children. The slave master was like the father, to provide for the slaves while the slaves work for him.Whites often thought the slaves as stupid, just because they were not brought up the same way as them. In conclusion, the origins of social inequality came from the beginning of time: when the Europeans first landed in the New World trying to discover new land. Instead they found Native Americans and completely judged them by their looks. During the time when the Catholic Church was over the state and the monarch had no power. Even with the rights of women, social inequality was there. These were factors for the inequality of the modern era.

Reading methods

English 1001 requires you to take additional classes including English 105 and 106, personally I do not like this method of classes but I do enjoy my 105 class out of all of them, because of this I am always given tons of reading material! In my 1001 class I recently read an article called â€Å"O. K. Glass† by Gary Shteyngart which is an article about the glasses developed by Google that can take pictures, record video, enable video chat with another person over Skype, and many other functions.When I was reading this article about 2 weeks ago it became extremely confusing to figure out ho was talking either the author or the person he was interviewing. I used this article to write a critical examination essay, examining the aspects of the article and deciding whether I agreed with the author or not. The Reading was about how the author was able to get ahold of a pair Google Glass and he was invited by Google to attend their Google Basecamp, which was to teach him about the fu nctions of Google Glass and all the possibilities using these glasses could produce.Shteyngart went around interviewing people on what they thought of Glass and also conducted his wn tests on it as a part of this article. For this reading I chose KWL+, personally I feel this strategy works the best for me it helps me remember what I read and shows me what I already knew. Some of the questions I came up with for this reading were why did Google not make the glasses compatible with Apple products, I realize they are competitors but more than 70% of the population that would buy Google Glass has an Apple IPhone.The reason you want the glasses to be compatible is because when they are synced the glasses they will show your phone screen through the lasses and you are also able to have a phone call without holding your phone. I also wondered about the quality of the camera on the glasses, considering the glasses are fairly small I wondered if it was as good as an IPhone camera. What I did learn from using KWL+ was that the audio recording on the glasses sounds like you are underwater when you talk, definitely something Google needs to work on.Also this accessory will only appeal to those willing to pay a hefty price tag of $1 500 for this pair of tech glasses. Even with the price tag in consideration almost everyone thinks hey are awesome: â€Å"that is so dope' says a college studentm (O. K. Glass). I believe Google Glass definitely has a place in todays society of ever advancing technology, 10 years ago something like this would be unheard of as well as way over the price tag of $1500.If Google is able to work out the kinks with the compatibility with Apple products I think the glasses will sell even better, and also working out the issues with the voice recognition. Shteyngart's article was relatively unbiased, it really did a great job of focusing on what the people thought of the glasses and what didn't work and hat worked straight forward and no deceptive sta tistics were in the article. One thing that helps Google Glass is that it is the first of its kind, nothing like this is available anywhere else.The glasses are scheduled to be released in 2014 so we will have to wait and see if Google is able to work out the kinks with its product. I plan to research the Glasses when the first real reviews come out in 2014 because I am excited to see if they are really worth buying. I will definitely use the KWL+ strategy again because it works the best for me and helps me retain information doesn't work well I will use ole faithful, KWL+.

Travel To Medical Destinations Health And Social Care Essay

India, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand have become popular for cardiac and orthopedic surgery while the states in Central and South America has construct a good repute in decorative surgery and dental attention. The medical services offered in India cost merely approximately 10 % of those in the United States. As dental and decorative surgery are non covered by the companies that provide wellness insurance, patients from Canada and United Kingdom prosecute Medical Tourism to acquire the process done at the lowest and attractive cost. Peoples besides travel to the medical finishs as some of the interventions like root cell therapy are restricted in the industrialized states and are available at these topographic points. Peoples wanting to make processs like drug rehabilitation would go abroad for privateness. Some people frequently make medical circuit as a portion of their holidaies at some epicurean topographic points. Modern engineering helps the tourers to look into and happen the proper finish. Peoples could set up health care anyplace in the universe through cyberspace and can besides near the agents for advice. The research besides states that, the gross generated by finish states by supplying medical services to foreign patients can be used to better the quality of attention given to the citizens of those states. I have Chosen this article as it highlights the outgrowth of medical touristry and its sustainability in developing states. It besides discusses about the increasing popularity of medical touristry and provinces that about 1.2 million patients travelled to India and 1.1 million travelled to Thailand in the twelvemonth 2004. It is besides estimated that by 2012 medical touristry in Asia could bring forth gross of about $ 4.4 million. It besides explores assorted grounds which make people prosecute medical circuit to these finishs. This article chiefly discusses about the function of private sector and the Government of certain states in the growing of medical touristry. Well developed autochthonal medical systems and outgrowth of new engineering have played an first-class function in back uping medical touristry among western states for several old ages. Among the Asiatic states, this signifier of touristry is a new tendency and it is the private infirmaries in those states that account maximal for pulling foreign patients. Bumrungrad infirmary in Thailand was one among the first few infirmaries to concentrate on this field. Government has besides led the development of this industry in several states like Malaysia where a commission has been formed for the publicity of wellness touristry. Similarly the authorities of Hong Kong has been doing efforts to market its traditional medical specialty. The article besides mentions about the diminution in figure of foreign patients sing the United States. Tightening of the in-migration regulations and security cheque is one among its chief causes. As a consequence of this more patients particularly from the Middle East move to France, UK, Germany and Australia as options. Still the market potency in these states is really less compared to the Asiatic states. Growth of this industry is really much related to the quality of medical services provided as patients travel abroad with batch of outlooks. The article references about certain infirmaries in Australia that focus non merely on malignant neoplastic disease but on assorted specifications of tegument malignant neoplastic disease. Hence to back up this, nurses are specially trained and are called Oncology nurses. The quality of service is even supported by the hardware investings such as MRI or Gamma Knife machines and package investings as good. Certain infirmaries besides provide not medical services to its foreign patients such as logistics and adjustment. London Bridge Hospital provides direct airdrome choice up is an illustration mentioned in the article. The article concludes by saying about the selling reforms. Web sites, crystalline pricing strategies, in-flight magazines etc has become the chief platform for advertisement. Certain infirmaries have even started their bureaus in other states. Cromwell infirmary in U.K is one among those which has offices in India and Pakistan. I ‘ve chosen this article as it mentions about the consequence of Government and private sector on the sustainability of Medical Tourism. It besides points about the industry ‘s sustainability issues in United States even though the writer has n't discussed much about it. It besides states about the impact of quality of service on medical touristry to stay sustainable and concludes stipulating the ways of advertisement used by the infirmaries. The article characterises dental touristry as an illustration of globalization. It is a fact that dental surgeries are the most expensive among all medical processs and are non covered by most of the insurance suppliers. There are several grounds which lead people to go overseas for acquiring their alveolar consonant processs done. Huge cost of this process at the place state itself is a ground that makes people fly abroad to states where it is done at much lower cost. Second the long waiting list at the place state to acquire entree to a local alveolar consonant physician makes people think about prosecuting dental touristry. It is besides understood by the people that lower monetary values does n't ensue in lower quality of the dental process. Even though dental touristry is considered as an illustration of globalization, the writer references that the motion of dental tourers in states like U.K, U.S and Australia are more regional compared to other countries of medical touristry. Most of the people from United Kingdom move to states like Bulgaria, Hungary, Croatia, Romania and Poland. Similarly the Americans and the Australians move to their neighbouring states instead traveling to states which are far off. Apart from the benefits of Dental Tourism, there are even certain hazards associated with it. Most of the dental processs are done in episodes that create trouble for the people winging down from far away states sing the cogency of their visas. Dental surgery may make farther complications even if the process is successfully done. In such instances people will be helpless as they have to depend on the local tooth doctors and stop up passing a immense sum of money. Traveling lawfully against such carelessness of attention is non practical as the dental touristry companies make the clients sign liability signifiers which provinces, if legal actions are to be initiated, the clients should turn to the tribunals of the state where the dental infirmary is situated. Despite all the hazards associated, figure of people traveling abroad for dental surgeries keeps increasing as they find the hazards are negligible compared to the benefits and hence there is an tremendous growing in dental touristry. I ‘ve chosen this article as it deals about an interesting country of medical touristry. The article explores the benefits and hazards associated with dental touristry and references that the hazards are negligible compared to benefits. Thus the issues related to the sustainability of dental touristry have been discussed in the article. This article is about organ organ transplant between people from different states, besides known as transplant touristry and the function of insurance companies on such issues. The beginnings of organ are frequently from citizens of the state where graft is performed or can be the life givers whom the receivers bring abroad. As of 19th January 2007 there were about 95,000 patients waiting for organ graft in the United States. In 2004, about 26,500 variety meats were transplanted. In the same period over 7000 patients died waiting for graft. It is besides projected by the United web of organ sharing that by 2010, there would be100000 patients waiting for kidney and the mean waiting list would be 10 old ages. Taking all these to history, the insurance company are taking stairss to turn to the jobs of organ handiness, long waiting list and higher cost, therefore advancing transplant touristry. Some medical insurance companies have even bundled travel and wellness attention to one individual bundle. The article has besides mentioned about the ethical footings of transplant touristry. In some instances of life givers from states where guidelines do non be, they would hold been expressly paid to donate. Forced bridal contribution may besides go on. Apart from that the writers have besides discussed about the safety issues of transplant touristry. It is mentioned that populating donor graft gives the better result but there are certain clinical hazard associated. When a giver travels to a foreign state there will be travel hazards and besides complications due to hapless hygiene in abroad infirmaries. The epidemic catching diseases are besides a large hazard for the life givers from abroad. Another complication associated is the long term attention of givers. One of the writers has mentioned his experience where he finds many U.S givers lacks personal wellness insurance. In such instances there is a hazard of fiscal load for such givers when the coverage from the receiver ‘s policy ends. The writer besides mentions about the multiple victims of the transplant touristry patterns. They are the giver, the receiver and the abroad occupant patients expecting graft. States like Australia and New Zealand have created a system of dual waiting list, one for occupants and the other for non occupants. The non occupants will hold entree merely if it is determined that no suited allotment can be made to the occupants. The article concludes by stipulating that the pattern of organ touristry is non ethical even though increasing transplant handiness is a worthy end. This article has been chosen as it deals with the issues of organ touristry besides known as transplant touristry. The article discusses about both the benefits and even the unethical nature of organ touristry. The increasing statistical figures of people waiting for graft show that transplant touristry remains sustainable. This article deals with an unethical pattern of transplant touristry known as organ trafficking. Certain people selling variety meats are non merely the giver beginnings as their chief focal point would be money. Organ trafficking can affect agencies of menace, maltreatment of power and other agencies of development such as giving or receiving of payment or benefits to accomplish the consent of a individual holding control over another individual. The fiscal consideration becomes the chief precedence alternatively of wellness concerns by doing organ, the chief trade good of commercial dealing. The writers have besides clearly mentioned that non all medical touristry affecting the crossing of boundary lines by the graft receivers or givers are associated with organ trafficking. Transplant touristry is legal and there are different regulations in different states sing the graft of variety meats. The article explores about the extent of organ trafficking. States such as Pakistan and Philippines do non hold any legal processs for organ graft. These states do non even let go of the information of figure of foreign patients going at that place. It was estimated by WHO in 2007 that, 5 – 10 % of kidney organ transplant around the Earth occur as a portion of organ trade. It was besides estimated that at least 100 subjects from states such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea travelled abroad for commercial kidney organ transplant annually. Few people from Australia, India, United States, Canada, Japan, Oman and Morocco besides travelled as tourers for trafficked variety meats. The most lurid observation was in China where 11,000 grafts were performed from executed captives. China has late adopted Human Transplantation Act that bans commerce and as a ground of this, the figure of grafts to foreign patients has been reduced by 50 % . Israel besides would forbid the insurance reimbursement for Israelis who perform graft from states where purchasing or merchandising of organ is illegal. The article concludes by stipulating about the attack of organisations such as WHO in happening options to battle this commercialization. At a regional audience held in Kuwait by WHO, it opposed transplant touristry that includes securities firm. It crafted statement eyeing towards certain ends that include the development of legal model on organ organ transplant and doing it crystalline in every state. The statement besides mentions that the insurance companies should non back up this illegal pattern. The ground for taking this article is, it highlights about the sick patterns of transplant touristry. Medical touristry has become a platform for organ trafficking. It besides mentions about the extent of organ trafficking and the steps taken by WHO to contend them. Generative touristry is a portion of medical touristry where people, for obtaining desired medically assisted reproduction, travel organize one establishment, legal power or state where intervention is unavailable due to certain limitations, to another establishment, legal power or state. The limitation or regulations may non needfully be legal but can be the personal moral strong beliefs of wellness attention supplier, policy of establishment etc. Many European states, Australia and United States have n't put much limitation on it and U.S has known this phenomenon particularly for abortion for a long clip. The tourers who perform generative touristry are called birthrate tourers. The writer has focused on Belgium as he is more familiar with it. A survey states that 30 % of patients coming for IVF intervention in Belgium are from abroad. Besides 60 % of patients bespeaking oocyte contribution are besides from abroad with the Gallic accounting for the highest in figure. Lot of patients fly from Germany as oocyte contribution and IVF are non allowed in the state. Long waiting list, deficiency of expertness and cost can besides be the factors which lead people to see generative touristry other than the moral grounds and intervention inaccessibility. In most of the states, cost for all IVF rhythms are non reimbursed. Apart from the factors that leads people prosecute this sort of touristry, the article besides discusses about certain solutions to avoid it. The writer references that the best solution is to follow a soft jurisprudence that does non enforce rigorous prohibitions or duties on anyone in all states. The jurisprudence does non reflect the moral place of any group as the station modern society has got battalion of ethical motives and spiritual positions. It can besides be avoided if the intervention is done merely to citizens of the state. Prevention of people from traversing boundary lines for this sort of intervention can besides be practiced. An illustration of such sort of bar mentioned is about Ireland seting prohibition on Irish adult females winging to the Great Britain for abortion. The writer concludes the article by showing his return on the pluralistic society with battalion of ethical motives and values. He mentions that generative touristry is the solution found by the minorities when moral struggle occurs. This article has been chosen as it explores an uneven portion of medical touristry known as generative or fertility touristry. This class of medical touristry has certain moral values go arounding around it and different people in the society have different positions on it. The sustainability of medical touristry is ever associated with the moral values and positions of the people. Different ways to avoid Generative touristry has besides been discussed in the article. Ayurveda is the major medical tradition and the cardinal component of India ‘s touristry market. It is besides linked with cultural touristry as it includes largely the traditional manner of intervention. The Westerners and the citizens of Southeast Asia and West Asia are the most among those attracted towards Ayurvedic touristry. Ayurveda is most popular in Kerala, the south western province of India and is besides been visited by the people from Northern portion of the state. Ayurvedic practicians represent it in a traditional context every bit good as in the context of modernness. . Migration of workers from Kerala to the gulf states and many new age Gurus history for increasing the popularity of Ayurveda in the planetary degree. Lots of Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals and clinics have been opened universe broad late. The clinics in South Asia have developed many Ayurvedic resorts that attract tourers overseas. Ayurvedic Tourism is even promoted by the major infirmaries that sell bio medical and surgical services to the patients abroad by offering trips to Ayurvedic Centres during patient ‘s recovery period. The geographics of Kerala is an added advantage for Ayurvedic touristry market in India. In the recent old ages, Ayurvedic practicians have found a new technique for marketing Ayurveda to do it more acceptable in all parts of the universe. It has been accomplished as a manner of relaxation and massage instead than the complicated system of diagnosing and healing. This attracted more and more tourers from several parts of the universe and therefore became major beginning of income for the resorts in the state. The pupils who graduate in Ayurvedic medical specialty started acquiring recruited in the resorts and their demand keeps lifting. They could besides gain immense wages from it but they waste their endowment as the people being treated are those with out any sort unwellness and so, they have nil much to make with the things they really studied. Local infirmaries in the state have improved the in patient installations to run into the demand and to pull foreign patients. Today people pursue Ayurvedic intervention for two grounds. One set of people considered as serious patients undergo the intervention to better their chronic wellness conditions while others visit the resorts as a portion of pleasance trip. The ground for taking this article is that it deals with the field of medical touristry that is even linked with civilization and tradition of the part. Not merely patients but all sort of tourers pursue Ayurvedic touristry. The chapter discusses about the alteration of path of Ayurveda from the system of diagnosing and healing to the manner of relaxation and massage. This attracts more tourers and hence makes it stay sustainable. The article describes medical touristry as new signifier of niche touristry. High cost of medical attention, long waiting lists, low-cost airfare and favorable economic exchange rates have constituted to the growing of medical touristry in the recent old ages. Though Asiatic states are ruling, several other states have sought to come in this field. The rise of new companies which act as the agents between infirmaries and the tourers besides account to the growing along with the cyberspace. Proper selling is being done as the medical attention bit by bit moved to the private sector. States like India, Singapore and Thailand which dominate in the industry have linked medical attention to touristry by hiking the attractive force of the beaches near by. South Africa and the Latin American states have besides become outstanding in the industry in the recent old ages. The Caribbean provinces have found it hard to come in the industry as its monetary values can non vie with those of Latin American states. As a consequence of this states like Cuba and Antigua have started to specialize in certain medical Fieldss like tegument diseases, dental medicine etc. The Middle Eastern states have besides shown their involvement in come ining the market and Dubai has built a Health Care City as a consequence of it. They compete on quality as they are unable to vie on monetary value with the other Asiatic states and hold given importance to stigmatization. Saudi Arabia has entered the market by associating medical touristry with the pilgrim's journey visits to the state. Hospitals in certain states have even started links with air passages for advancing the industry. The article besides mentions that the currency fluctuations have a great influence on medical touristry. The writer mentioned an illustration of a infirmary in South Africa that went from 30 patients a month in 2003 to none in 2005 as South African currency rose its value against the U.S Dollars. The writer says that selling of medical touristry is frequently linked with geographics of the finish. As already mentioned in the beginning, some Asiatic states link medical touristry with close by beaches, the article besides mentions about the nexus of Ayurvedic touristry in Kerala to the house boats and back Waterss at that place. It has besides become a portion of pleasance touristry where people ‘s primary purpose would be touring for pleasance and would see near by medical Centres as a portion of it. This article has been chosen as it mentions about the states doing effort to come in the medical touristry industry other than those ruling the field and their selling schemes adopted to vie with the dominants. It besides discusses about the nexus of medical touristry with other Fieldss of touristry and their common benefits. Relation of medical touristry to currency fluctuation has besides been discussed in the article. The article begins by briefing on medical touristry and its function in different states. The writers mention about the jutting statistics of people prosecuting medical touristry which has already been discussed in the old articles of the annotated bibliography. The factors impacting people to go abroad for intervention has besides been mentioned. The writers so discuss about telemedicine and reference that it is the usage of information and communicating systems to back up the patients. In the past decennary there has been a dramatic growing in the telemedicine engineering, though it was established about half a century ago. The proficient portion of telemedicine has besides been mentioned in the article. The article besides mentions about the influence of telemedicine on medical touristry and its benefits. Telemedicine brings a great value to the patients who fly back place after the intervention as it is used as a follow up to the intervention obtained. Well equipped call Centres have been established with trained physicians and nurses having calls from the patients. Nurses so make follow up calls to look into the advancement of the patients. The outlooks and satisfaction of medical tourers related to telemedicine has besides been explored in the article. It states that the tourer who experience telemedicine prior to the medical circuit will hold significantly more satisfaction compared to those sing it merely after the circuit. From the organizational position, telemedicine during the station medical circuit would be highly utile as they could acquire the feedback from the patients and helps them to better their quality and criterion. The article concludes by adverting that telemedicine is built into the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours pattern of medical touristry. The writers have besides discussed about the inauspicious consequence of telemedicine on medical touristry. If the telemedicine service is of hapless quality, it may hold a negative impact on the over all experience. This article has been chosen as it discusses about the nexus of Medical touristry with certain elements of engineering by foregrounding the impact of telemedicine on the sustainability of medical touristry. It besides mentions about the benefits of telemedicine from the patients every bit good as the organizational position. Use of telemedicine increases the outlooks of tourers prosecuting medical touristry and besides benefits them in the station intervention period. Certain subjects in this book reference about the hazards and dangers associated with medical touristry. The writer calls medical industry as an unusual industry as the clients have to pay even if they die on the tabular array. The hazards associated with the intervention will be the same at place every bit good as abroad. The things that differ are the processs to travel lawfully against the medical suppliers if any malpractice or carelessness occurs and it is non an easy undertaking to action the medical suppliers overseas. The writer references that there are physicians who perform unneeded surgery for money even in the United States. Institute of Medicine in U.S has reported that 48,000 to 98,000 patients die in a twelvemonth due to medical mistakes. It is estimated by the wellness attention committee that one out of 10 patients in infirmaries in developed states fall victim to errors such as incorrect diagnosing, incorrect dose of drugs etc. Other hazards mentioned are the different sorts of disease in foreign states caused due to unfamiliar sources in the H2O and air. When the patients return place, the physician abroad can ne'er give a proper follow up and it will ever be hard for a physician at place to take up the instance of another physician. Lots of other hazards associated with medical touristry have besides been mentioned in the book. It besides discusses about the issues sing medical malpractices. The writer says that the physicians are worlds and no medical systems are perfect, therefore the patients meaning to acquire the intervention should hold a elaborate contract. Still it is non easy to action a physician if anything goes incorrect and the writer mentions the illustration of a tooth doctor neglecting to detect that the patient has mouth malignant neoplastic disease before make fulling the tooth. In such instances, the tooth doctor can non be easy sued even if heshe belongs to the place state. It becomes even more hard if the tooth doctor belongs to a different state where the linguistic communication, the Torahs and the tribunal systems are different. The agents besides would non take the duty as the carelessness or malpractices are non committed by their staffs, except a few mediators like LasikAbroad.co.uk. The writer eventually references that no infirmaries would wish to free their name and repute as the media is strong and besides the competition additions. Hospitals would besides non wish to be known for using underqualified physicians. Subjects of this book have been chosen as it explores the hazards associated with medical touristry. Peoples going to the 3rd universe states would ever believe about the effects before doing determinations. Medical malpractices, carelessness etc have ever been a menace to medical touristry along with hazards such as diseases in foreign states as mentioned. Terrorism, route accidents etc are some of the other menaces non merely to medical touristry but besides to all sorts of touristry.Summary:The 10 articles of the bibliography Jockey shortss about the different issues associated with medical touristry and its sustainability from societal and economic position. The articles have been summarised from diaries and selected chapters of books on medical touristry. The annotated bibliography Begins by discoursing about the range of medical touristry in developing states like India, Thailand etc. Old system of going to the developed states for better intervention has undergone a alteration. Higher cost of intervention, low-cost airfares etc are the chief grounds that lead people to prosecute medical circuit. There are even people who take intervention abroad for privateness grounds. Different states are popular for different medical processs. It is mentioned in the article that Asiatic states are popular for cardiac and orthopedic surgery, while Central and South American states provide the best alveolar consonant and decorative surgeries. Medical touristry has become the chief beginning of income in certain states and the gross generated is been used to better the quality of intervention given to the citizens of the state. As the popularity of medical touristry rose, the agents linking the clients and the infirmaries have besides grown in figure. Lots of cyberspace web sites have been developed to back up the patients meaning to prosecute medical circuit. The research besides mentions about the support given by the authorities of certain states for elating the industry. Private sectors are besides making proper selling to pull foreign patients to the state. Some of the articles in the annotated bibliography high spots about different Fieldss of medical touristry such as alveolar consonant, graft and generative touristry. Dental surgeries are the most expensive 1s among all medical processs. Dental and decorative surgeries are besides non covered by about all the insurance companies. Dental touristry has certain hazards in it as the process is done in episodes that make it hard for foreign patients. But the hazards are negligible while sing the cost and waiting list of dental processs in the developed states. Certain articles have mentioned about the dramatic addition of dental tourers in recent decennary. Two articles in the bibliography are related to transfer touristry and this field of medical touristry has raised a batch of jobs. Transplant touristry trades with organ contribution and many states have rigorous jurisprudence sing contribution of variety meats like kidney. Number of patients in the universe, waiting for variety meats is estimated to be really immense. It is been noted in the article that most of the people in demand of organ travels to topographic points where the jurisprudence and guidelines are weak. In those states, activities such as forced spousal contribution are reported to be really high in figure. The 5th article emphasises about the unethical nature of transplant touristry known as organ trafficking. The research besides mentions the statistical figures of people involved in illegal organ trade. Another field of medical touristry discussed in the research is generative touristry. This is considered to be an uneven portion of medical touristry. Peoples pursue generative touristry chiefly because those sorts of interventions are against the moral values of their ain state and will be unavailable. Peoples will hold different positions on it and these positions and values affect the sustainability of generative touristry The 7th article trades with a signifier of traditional medical touristry known as ayurvedic touristry. Ayurvedic touristry is said to be the cardinal component of touristry industry in India. The geographics of Kerala, the south western province of India along with the pattern of Ayurveda creates a roar in the touristry market in India. This article even shows the nexus of medical touristry with civilizations and tradition. Medical touristry is even linked with the geographics of topographic points. Articles have mentioned that infirmaries in some states use the beauty of its beaches as selling scheme of medical touristry in that state. In such instances, people can bask the natural beauty along with the medical intervention. The research besides mentions about the function of engineering such as telemedicine in conveying an impact on the sustainability of medical touristry. Telemedicine is good for medical touristry in many ways and it has the capableness of hiking up the medical touristry market. But in many ways it can be a menace every bit good, particularly when people experience a low quality telemedicine before the circuit. Finally, the research discusses about the hazard and danger associated with medical touristry. Medical malpractices and carelessness are common issues in medical industry everyplace around the Earth. The impacts of these issues get strengthen as patients travel a long manner to far off states. But the research even references that bigger infirmaries would ne'er wish to free their name and repute and hence they would ever seek to maintain away the hazards associated.Decision:The articles about medical touristry, its assorted Fieldss, different facets, links with other signifiers of touristry and engineering etc has been discussed in the annotated bibliography. This makes merely a few articles sing medical touristry and there are batch of other articles that does a deep research on it. An overview of the topic can be obtained from the research made. From the articles it is clear that medical touristry has made itself large in the touristry industry in certain developing states. There are batch of positive every bit good as negative facets associated with it. But as a whole, it can be concluded that medical touristry is a sustainable signifier of touristry. Some recommendations can be made to better on certain issues: Organ trafficking is an unethical issue that keeps increasing along with the publicity of transplant touristry. All states should beef up their Torahs to cut down the illegal trade of variety meats. Medical suppliers should ever esteem the moral values of states where the patients come from. Generative touristry is one such field of medical touristry in which batch of processs are against moral values and moralss. Hospitals should seek to protect those values. Use of telemedicine can convey a positive every bit good as negative impact on medical touristry as discussed in the article. Care must be taken while using the telemedicine staffs. Well qualified physicians and nurses should be employed as it plays a large function in the class of intervention. The effects of medical malpractices and carelessness are really large as it deals with life of human. Peoples travel long distances with tonss of outlook. Articles have mentioned about physicians executing unwanted surgeries for money. Government should make ways to command such illegal activities as it is non easy for the patients to action foreign physicians if such things happen.

Analyse the compromises made in the Vienna Convention between common Essay

Analyse the compromises made in the Vienna Convention between common law and civil law approaches to contract formation - Essay Example Many of the principles of international mercantile law were derived from the early rules and traditions formulated in the Middle Ages.2 However, with regard to the unification of laws and the harmonization of principles that govern transnational commerce and in particular, the international sale of goods, serious efforts were undertaken only in the 1930s. The first draft of a uniform law on international sale of goods was developed in 1935, World political events intervened - in particular, the Second World War - and it was only in 1964 when two conventions were approved in a conference at The Hague. These conventions were the Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods ("ULIS") and the Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("ULF"). Unfortuna... Many states were not comfortable with the influence of the civil law traditions of Western Europe3 . The failure of these two conventions made one conclusion inescapable: to achieve uniformity and harmonization of the principles governing the international sale of goods, there must be widespread concurrence from a vast majority of state-actors.4 The road towards a unified law was long and arduous. Two years after the conferences at the Hague, the United Nations established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). However, it took ten years before the UNCITRAL released the 1978 Draft Convention. Perhaps the circumstances were a little different than they were in 1968, and there was a growing realization of the imperative to come up with rules that harmonize international trade law. In 1980, 62 countries came together in a conference in Vienna and, after some debate, approved unanimously the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG). In 1988, the CISG finally came into force. The prefatory statement of the CISG illuminates us as to the overarching goals of the Convention: ''THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, BEARING IN MIND the broad objectives in the resolution adopted by the sixth special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the establishment of a New International Economic Order, CONSIDERING that the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States, BEING OF THE OPINION that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods and take

Aztec Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Aztec Civilization - Essay Example It was the result of historical, geographic and other reasons – they made Aztec and some other civilizations achieve rather highly developed society: â€Å"In such environments arose two of the advanced societies of ancient America: the Aztec and Inca civilizations† (Keen, 1955, p.1). This article will give a short description of the Aztecs, their economy, way of life, and it will prove the thesis about the great importance of Aztec civilization for the development of the world history. 2. Hooker wrote that â€Å"The term, Aztec, is a startlingly imprecise term to describe the culture that dominated the Valley of Mexico in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries† (Hooker, 1996). They were native Americans and dominated the vast territory in northern Mexico by the time of the Spanish invasion under Hernan Cortes which took place in the beginning of the 16th century. The true origin of the Aztecs is still uncertain, but it is concerned that they lived on the territory of to the north of the Valley of Mexico, or in the Southwestern United States. They created vast empire and dominated a lot of peoples on its territory: â€Å"Fearless warriors and pragmatic builders, the Aztecs created an empire during the 15th century that was surpassed in size in the Americas only by that of the Incas in Peru† (The Aztecs/Mexicans). So, by the time of the Spanish conquest the Aztecs had high developed economy and traditional way of life which became the result of their pr ogressive development. 3. The capital of the Aztecs, Tenochtitlan, was the greatest city in Mexico, but there were also other cities in the empire. The Aztecs had rather strong class structure which determined their way of life. The highest social class was nobility, or the pilli. Originally the class system was not hereditary, but later, by the time of the Spanish, it took on hereditary aspects. The lowest social class of the Aztecs was slaves, but slaves had opportunities to become free by

Sports Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sports Advertising - Essay Example In spite of the extensive use of athletes as product or brand endorsers, there is a relative be short of published research that examine the power these athletes may have on a objective market. Further, it remains questionable as to whether or not celebrity endorsers really make a difference on the bottom line for advertisers. According to the experts those reported that only one out of five profitable that built-in celebrity endorsers met advertisers' planned prospect. Researchers have finished that celebrity endorsers may not have "linked" or recognized with the intended target market. One can quarrel that this may occur since the celebrity endorser lacked recognition and perceived knowledge with the target market (SLACK, 1996, 48-69). Perhaps one of the mainly significant and sought after target markets for advertisers today is one that represents huge possible yet substantial challenges teenagers. At present, teenagers have been confidential as a part of age group Y those persons born among 1977 and 1994. A current subject of the Journal of Advertising Research tinted and identified the possible and yet confrontation of Generation Y to marketing labors. Authors in this particular subject discussed this require with a call for additional research to recognize the incentive and behaviors of this significant group. This require for research may be chiefly obvious in sports and sports marketing. For years, expert sports such as main league baseball have effort to attract a younger audience to its moribund fan base (CORNWELL, B. 1995, 13-24). Additional lately experts discussed be short of research on the female market for sports marketers. As the passage of Title 9 in 1972, a federal permission to give equal athletic opportunities for men and women, these women, of whom a big group belong to Generation Y, represent an enormous market for sports, sports marketers, and sports celebrities. Though, this main market may be the least investigate section by sports organizations and sports marketers. Do sports celebrity endorsers act as role models to females plus, if so, can they power this segment's purpose and behaviors (CORNWELL, T. B., 2001, 1-52) Hence, the objectives of this reading are to: (1) travel around the notion of sports celebrities as character models for Generation Y, (2) look into whether or not sports celebrity role models pressure this generation's meaning and behaviors, and (3) explore the power of sports celebrity role models (DASGUPTA, P. 1989). Background According to the expert analysis which emphasized that the youth market is one of the mainly coveted of all section due to their: (1) spending power, (2) ability to be trendsetters, (3) receptivity to new products, and (4) tremendous possible for becoming life span customers. On the other hand, others highlight that Generation Y is one who is opposed to advertising efforts, unusual, and anti-corporate. Despite these apparently opposite perspectives, researchers and practitioners argue that this group is an easier aim to market to since they have grown up in a customer oriented society. According to Rob Frankel, writer of The Revenge of Brand X (2000), "... Gen Y is less entrenched in customary social

MBA Project Management Case Study - Custom Manufacturing Company - Essay

MBA Project Management Case Study - Custom Manufacturing Company - Project 2000 - Essay Example Mostly, what was happening was transference of responsibilities. They could have started off by utilizing their time to include project planning; this could have actually saved time. A strategy to ensure continuous production of goods, that they were known for, must have been devised; this could have saved the lost customers. Project success is gauged by comparing end result with projected results. A project is said to be successful if it is completed within the time and cost budgets and achieves the goals it is supposed to reach. Success could not have been measured certainly before starting a project. However, techniques such as investment appraisal could have been carried out to see whether the project was worth pursuing. The renovation plan was included in the project because probably it was needed and they must have thought that it was a small change that could easily be adjusted. In my opinion, including renovation was not a good idea because it was not adjusted for in the budget. Project Scope: This project will allow the production space to grow by 25% of the present production floor area. It will be modern and larger to facilitate more production and hence increasing customer base and loyalty. The project plan for project 2000 must include the answer to who will be involved with what. What their roles will be, who they are answerable to and who they are responsible for. The plan will include the project scope; what the project is supposed to achieve and why it is being sponsored. It will have information about when it is due and how and about its milestones and critical path. b. Evaluate the Project plans for managing the project; include an approach to contracting for professional services & construction work. What would you have one and would that change for successive phases of the project The project plan was incomplete because it lacked a lot of detail. There were hardly any details about the contract with

The No Child Left Behind Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The No Child Left Behind Act - Essay Example However, for some students, the noble idea of not leaving a child behind has not yet been taken seriously with the general public and a lot of educational systems which includes special education. Furthermore, the progressions of credentials, assessment, categorization, placement, and instruction have truly meant to put down their cultural and linguistic differences. With that, it is apparent that school systems overlook multiculturalism and diversity especially in educational intervention, where the minority students are placed, which means children are left behind (Obiakor 2000). Unfortunately, there are some political figures that believe the no child left behind program does not work because minority groups in school systems cover forty percent of the student body and there are lack resources and accommodations for them to learn on an even level with the other students. This creates a major problem with these children learning properly and effectively, which indicates that that number of the growing diversity is being ignored. In fiscal years 2002 through the current 2004, Congress authorized between $26.4 billion and $32 billion to be spent on the "No Child Left Behind" initiative. While Bush's budget request rose in each of those years, it still fell far short of the authorization. And in the past two fiscal years, the president's request of about $22 billion was less than what Congress had appropriated the year before. Both years, Congress provided more than Bush requested. Critics also say that the way the "No Child Left Behind" federal grading system works isn't fair in some cases because it requires yearly progress not just from a school but from every subgroup of students, including those with disabilities or ones who speak English as a second language (Bush stumps for 'No Child Left Behind). The growing number of infants and toddlers of minority groups is increasing every year. Below consists of some statistics that sheds light on the issues, which needs to addressed immediately by educators and families of minority older children, infants and toddlers (Diversity in Early Childhood Intervention Leadership Current Facts and Challenges). The U.S. Department of Education (2003a) found that 38.8% of public school students were minorities in 2000, up from 29.6% in 1986. In addition, the number of students who spoke a language other than English at home rose from 6.3 million in 1979 to 13.7 million in 1999 (U.S. Department of Education, 2003b). Minority teachers, on the other hand, accounted for only 13% of the faculty. The number of ethnically and linguistically diverse students is continuing to grow. By the year 2005, children and adolescents of color will make up as much as 40% of the U.S. youth population. Schools with high concentrations of black and Hispanic students uniformly have the most teachers with the least experience and the least qualifications for the subject they teach. Infants and toddlers ages birth to 2 who are served under IDEA, Part C, reflect the growing diversity of the U.S. The children represented are African-American (15%), Hispanic/Latino (18%), Asian/Pacific Islander (4%) and American Indian/ Alaskan (1%). Special education teachers who served primarily students ages 3-5 classify themselves as Asian (2%), Black (5.8%), White (90%) and "other" (2%). 6.4% consider themselves Hispanic and 93.6% do not. "Young people from the least well off demographic groups form a

Management of Law Office Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management of Law Office - Assignment Example There are several forms of business organizations that a person may venture into among them sole proprietorship, partnerships, limited liability partnerships, law corporations and group law practices.Each of these forms has their own specific differences, as well as, the features upon which each can be evaluated so as to suit the organizational needs of Ms Seow. In this paper, I seek to discuss in brief these forms and then select on one upon which I shall make a recommendation about and the justifications for the same. In a sole proprietorship, a person decides to operate on a particular business venture on their own. The main advantage with this form is that one gets the opportunity to manage and enjoy the profits/benefits from the business alone. However, the costs are enjoyed alone as well which may be detrimental. However, this form would not be essential for Ms Seow considering the nature and form of organization and clientele she serves (Roper, 2007.p.85). On the other hand, a partnership would be when she joins hands with another lawyer and pools resources and clientele base together. In such an arrangement, the benefit would arise from the fact there will be shared responsibility in terms of management and even sourcing of capital for the firm. This arrangement would appear essential considering the financial challenges faced by Ms Seow’s firm. Above all, there are joint deliberations in the making of decisions thus, ensuring their concreteness. However, this would not seem feasible as the same has not worked with the current partnership with Mr. How. Consequently, this form of business may prove unproductive taking into consideration the likely disagreements that may arise between the partners or even the fact that they will be subjected to unlimited or limited liability based on the nature of the partnership. Additionally, a partnership in spite of being flexible and allowing for sharing of losses will also involve the sharing of profits by th e partners. This seems to be the case of Ms Seow in which case the options to her appear as though she should part ways with Mr. How. In the case of a law corporation, the situation facing Ms Seow and her law firm may not prove fruitful. This is because law corporations are usually considered as large scale operational units. Usually, the institutional set-ups as, as well as the structural nature of such may not warrant the organisation run by Ms Seow to be classified as such. This is considering that Ms Seow for one has limited office space, limited number of staff, and above all limited, or inadequate capital to finance her firm’s operations. This is worsened by the ideal situation of the market in which due to the competition, the profits levels have decreased hence, lawyers are not able to make many earnings in the business. For instance, Mr. How, despite being specialised in conveyancing, the same poses a major challenge in the face of the stiff competition with most fir ms opting to charge lower fees (Nollkamper, 2013.p.205). In all these situations, the most feasible and achievable option for Ms Seow and her law firm that will also ensure the achievement of enhanced profitability would be to engage in a Group Law Practice. As the adage goes, ‘there is strength in numbers.’ As such, it would be beneficial for Ms Seow to enter into a Group Law Practice with other firms of similar sizes and enjoy the benefits of extended employees’ network. Group Law Practices are continuously providing effective strategies through which the demands in the ever evolving law demands can be met. As has been reasoned by most seasoned lawyers in private practice, the strength in the seasoned legal bench enables the firms to offer an extensive assortment of services to customers. This is so because group law practice will enable Ms Seow to build a team of sophisticated and dedicated lawyers with diverse knowledge on the benefits of the clients. Clearly , this seems to be much possible

Consider analyle Essay Example for Free

Consider analyle Essay Romeo and Juliet: how important is the opening scene of the play? How effective should it be on stage? (Deal with lines 1-11), the first mention of Romeo. Consider analyle, comment on characters, action, stage craft, the atmosphere and theme. The opening scene of Romeo and Juliet is effective because its full of humour and violence. These two characteristics are powerful on their own, but together they make the first scene witty and dramatic. The opening scene is important as it sets the whole atmosphere of the families on going feud. The play opens with two Capulet servants (Sampson and Gregory) who are carrying arms, which is significant as theyre aware of violence and danger. They also use language to imitate violence such as, thrust, and strike. As they do this it amuses the groundlings watching, what amuses them is that they talk about violence then, violence towards women. I will thrust the Montagues maids to the wall (Sampson). Which basically means that theyll rape theyre women if they had the chance. These two Capulet servants are playing with puns in the first few lines such as, coals, colliers and coller. Then they go on to describe their feelings about the rival family, the Montagues. They imply these feelings towards the other family by saying that theyll thrust theyre women to the wall. By also challenging the other family whether theyll be man or woman. Gregory points out that the feud is between the men, whilst Sampson replies that he doesnt care and that hell fight the men and then deal with their women, in a crude sexual way. The prologue suggests that the play is full of violence and tragedy. Although, the opening scene begins with a contrasting light hearted humour. This scene should be effective on stage as it is the opposite of the prologue, and should entertain the groundlings with the crude humour and the intention of thrusting violence to the Montagues women. The two Capulet servants provoke Abraham (a Montague) and another servant by biting their thumbs (which then, was considered as an insult). They carry on with their provocative humour when Benvolio (whose name means peacemaker) and Tybalt enter the scene. Sampson then steps aside, leaving Gregory to continue the fight with Abraham. Benvolio quickly breaks them up Part fools. Put up your swords, you know what you up. Tybalt then comes in and questions Benvolio (the peace maker) with his one of few lines as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee coward. This line sums up that he enjoys violence implying that he hates the word peace. The atmosphere at this time is tense and humorous in some ways. It is humorous as a feud is beginning over nothing apart from a silly childish insult. This would amuse the groundlings, as it combines violence and humour. As you know these two characteristics are powerful on their own, but together they make the play witty and interesting although humorous at times. This is what makes the play effective and successful. The feud is also very dramatic and a very important part of everyday life for both families, even the old come out of their houses and fight for their family even though their health pauses as a problem. The Capulet in question is old Capulet, whose wife makes fun of his ridiculous actions that follow A crutch, a crutch! Why call you for a sword? Lady Capulet implies that he needs a crutch more than a sword these days and refuses to let him take part in the feuding Thou shalt not stir one foot to seek a foe. This is a very important scene as it tells the audience the reality of this feud. Even the old and frail are willing to get up off their chairs and pull out their sword and help win the feud for their family. It strikes me that the only way to stop the feuding is by a warning from the prince of Verona. He orders them all to put down their weapons and tells Capulet and Montague that if anyone ever disturbs the peace again in this way they will be executed. After all but Montague, Lady Montague and Benvolio exit the scene Montague questions Benvolio about how this quarrel started. Then, Lady Montague asks Benvolio has he seen Romeo today O where is Romeo? Saw you him today? Benvolio tells her that yes, he has seen him and that hes acting strangely. We know that he thinks hes deeply in love with Rosaline and that his heart will never heal again. Hes also kept this affair a secret from his parents. Its not until line 154 that Romeo enters the scene, his friend and cousin Benvolio is there to cheer him up from his deepened sadness. Romeo describes how hes feeling to Benvolio as if his whole life is up side down, and that this isnt him Tut I have lost myself; I am not here. This is not Romeo, hes some other where. Benvolio tries without success to discover the name of the girl Romeo has fallen in love with. Romeo explains that she is not in love with him. Shell not be hit with cupids arrow. She hath Dians wit, and in strong proof of chastity well arms, from loves weak childish bow she lives uncharmed. She will not stay the siege of loving terms, nor bride Th encounter of assailing eyes, nor ope her lap to saint seducting gold. O she is rich in beauty, only poor, that when she dies, with beauty dies her store. The characters in this play are perfectly written with their personalities coming out strong throughout the play. Such as Benvolio, his name means peace maker, and thats exactly what hes done in scene one. Romeo in the first scene comes over as a conscientious teenager, but is mature also. By the end of this scene there is an obvious contrast of two things, love and hate.

Influence Of The Philosophy Of Plato On Psychology Philosophy Essay

Influence Of The Philosophy Of Plato On Psychology Philosophy Essay In the ideals and methods of todays psychological medicine, the general psyche of the human mind has been influenced by historical and cultural forces, and various perspectives through time. Philosophers such as Plato has developed many methods and types of thoughts in understanding the human psyche that has greatly influenced the many defined concepts of psychology as known today. In Platos question how we know what à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Is? Is the underlying fundamental question that relates to the human psyche. As individuals, how do we really know what to know? For example, if you do not understand in how to tune a musical instrument, you will have to ask fundamentals questions in order to understand how to tune a musical instrument. As in the human psyche, Platos asks the same question in order to understand the concept in how people know. Psyche is based on the theory of justice that has six fundamentals aspects such as: faculties, principles, activities, aspects, instances and levels. Their nature and role have been characterized in ways influenced as much perhaps by the connotations of these terms as by the details of Platos text. Subsequently, Psychology has been developed from the origins of the earliest philosophers such as Plato; an Athenian born Greek philosopher that believed that people were a blank slate at birth which can be changed to anything thro ugh their life time depending on the influence of surroundings (Various). In his quest of finding the true essence of the human psyche and the pursuit of the maintenance of the soul, Plato has philosophized through the teachings of Socrates within various concepts such as: Metaphysics Platonic realism, Theory of Forms. Platonism the basis of Metaphysics is referred to the intellectual consequences of denying, as Socrates often does, the reality of the material world. Platos metaphysics is understood as Socrates division of reality into the warring and irreconcilable domains of the material and the spiritual (Taylor, 1936). The theory has been of incalculable influence in the history of Western psychology, philosophy and religion. Similar to Socratess idea that reality is unavailable to those who use their senses is what puts him at odds with the common man, and with common sense. Socrates says that he who sees with his eyes is blind, and this idea is most famously captured in his Allegory of the Cave, and more explicitly in his description of the divided line. According to Socrates, physical objects and physical events are shadows of their ideal or perfect forms, and exist only to the extent that they instantiate the perfect versions of themselves. Just as shadows are temporary, inconsequential epi phenomena produced by physical objects, physical objects are themselves fleeting phenomena caused by more substantial causes, the ideals of which they are mere instances (Taylor, 1936). Second philosophical concept that has influence modern psychology is the theory of forms. It is Platos belief that the material world as it seems to us is not the real world, but only a shadow of the real world, as depicted in Socrates Allegory of the Cave. Forms are based on archetypes or abstract representations of the many types and properties (that is, of universals) of things we see all around us. The sensible world we know today was based on belief that the physical perception is a rendering or copy of the true perception (Moline, 1981). Past philosophers believed that we are born into world of ignorance that we cannot truly see the meaning what is truly is, as depicted in the Allegory of the Cave. This concept of rendering reality is called forms, that physical objects and physical events are shadows of their ideal or perfect forms, and exist only to the extent that they instantiate the perfect versions of themselves. Just as shadows are temporary, inconsequential epiphenomena produced by physical objects, physical objects are themselves fleeting phenomena caused by more substantial causes, the ideals of which they are mere instances (Moline, 1981). As a result, as depicted in The Allegory of the Cave, Plato shows how the mind influences perception that has greatly influenced Western psychologists such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. Hence the men in Platos fable are used to show that one should venture out and become more educated because if not, one will slip back into a less cognitive state of mind (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). In comparison, Sigmund Freud believed that a persons dreams are fulfilled wishes. These wishes are unachieved accomplishments that the individual dwells on. He proves his theory by referring to a controllable dream of his about thirst. He believed that because he ate salty food before bed, he could fall asleep, dream about drinking, and wake up satisfied. Freud thought that the dreams are able to compensate ones unsatisfied wishes (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). They are actually thoughts that the mind has gathered while a person is awake. The mind, as thought by Freud, is able to twist real observations in a way whic h pleases the individual in an unconscious state. Both Plato and Freud have valid portrayals of how the mind works. By presenting their information in a story-like fashion, the reader is able to better relate to and comprehend the otherwise somewhat complex issue. Since Freud is a psychologist, one may wonder if he had similar views as Plato when it came to developmental psychology and the development of cognitive thinking. Additionally, Carl Jungs idea of the Collective Unconscious is so in alignment with these earlier ideas from Plato. The notion of Absolute Forms, for example, along with Jungs methods of systematic inquiry foreshadows Jungs theories of archetype and the analytic process investigation (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). According to Jung, the Collective Unconscious exists as a kind of repository for dreams, archetypes, symbols, and myths. Yet like Plato before him, Jungs intuitively derived understanding needed empirical verification if it was to be taken seriously. Thus, in his autobiographical memoir, Memories, Dreams, and Reflection, Jung sets out to explain exactly how he arrived at his notion of the Collective Unconscious and archetype through his journey of self-observation (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). Both Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud, two of the greatest psychologist/thinkers of the twentieth century, used the term unconscious but each defined it differently. The one thing they agreed on, however, is that the unconscious is that part of the psyche inaccessible to the ego. It is only when the ego drops its guard such as in dreams that the unconscious expresses itself. But here the similarities between the two men diverge. To Freud, who had been Jungs teacher, the unconscious contains that which is repressed or forgotten while remaining within the individual psyche. It becomes a sort or repository for forgotten things of ones past. It is exclusively personal in nature and belongs to the individual person alone. In other words, it contains no commonly held or universal archetypes such as understood by Jung. Jung maintained, on the other hand, that yes there is something like Freuds personal unconscious but this merely rests or floats upon an infinite collective unconscious which does not at all derive from the personal unconscious (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). Instead it comes to the individual as a part of something universal in nature. Its contents and modes of behavior, says Jung, are essentially the same everywhere and in all individuals. This is not to say that it expresses itself the same in all individuals only that the archetypal patterns are universally present. The actual psyche is known only by its contents. In other words, it is seen only by what the individual actually expresses through action. But with the collective unconscious no such expression is available except through dreams and the various archetypes that make themselves known via behaviors and obsessions. The personal unconscious, according to Jung, is far greater than storage for past traumas and emotional history as Freud would contend. Instead, it serves as a pathway to the collective unconscious and is constantly being fed by those deep reservoirs (Fitz-Randolph, 2009). All great ideas and concepts have been derived from the great thinkers of the past. As in Plato, one of the greatest and foremost prodigies of Socrates has influenced some of the brightest minds of psychology such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. The ideals of forms and meta-physics have evolved the basis of modern psychology as we know today.