Elasticity and Demand for Tourism Products

Introduction Demand and supply are the foundation of any economic analysis as the interaction of the two forms a market.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Elasticity and Demand for Tourism Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The law of demand and supply works in the divergent ways in the sense that, for a normal good, when the prices of commodities changes, demand and supply will change in opposite direction holding other factors constant. This will depend on the nature of the goods as forces demand and supply will be dictated by the type of the products in question. For instance, demand or supply of some goods will respond more than changes in price as compared to others. This brings us to the concept of elasticity of goods. In addition, it is not only price that affects demand and supply of goods, there are other factors that would affect the market such as changes in technology, taste and preferen ces, favorable climatic conditions and many other factors (Barber 2010). This paper explores demand, supply and elasticity of tourism products in various conditions. Elasticity of tourism products Elasticity measures how the quantity demanded or supplied will change when there are changes in market conditions. Price elasticity of demand is a measure how the quantity demanded of a good change when the price of the commodity changes (Mankiw 2011). However, this measure of elasticity of demand of a commodity is subject to some inadequacies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First, it ignores the presence of other related goods in the market such as close substitutes and compliments as changes in prices or demand of these goods would affect the elasticity of the good in question. It also ignores the type of product in question since necessities and luxuries would have dif ferent elasticities. Demand for luxuries do not respond to changes in price. In addition, this measure overlooks time horizons. Goods tend to be more elastic over a longer period of time. Finally, elasticity depends on how well a market condition is defined (Moon 2013; Bade Parkin 2009). Goods will tend to be elastic in a more narrowly defined market. Various studies have been conducted to establish the nature of elasticity of demand for tourism products. The general result is that demand for tourism products is price inelastic, holding other factors constant. This can be attributed to the fact that tourism products are luxuries and their demand would not be responsive to changes in price. As pointed out earlier, the demand for tourism products stays strong despite high prices in the market. This would imply that demand for tourism products is perfectly inelastic; the price elasticity would be zero. The demand curve (DD1) will take a vertical shape as shown below. The supply curve (SS1) will take an upwards sloping curve, ceteris paribus, as shown below in figure 1.0. Figure 1.0: Demand and supply curve for tourism productsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Elasticity and Demand for Tourism Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Increase in demand of tourism products An increase in the demand for tourism products will make the demand curve to shift outwards to a new level say DD1 from the original level DD. This outwards shift of the demand curve would exert an upward force on prices, that is, from the original level P1 to the new level P2. In addition, the increase in prices would cause an outward movement (increase) along the supply curve, as shown in figure 1.1 below. This would imply that more tourism products would have to be supplied to meet the increased demand so as to maintain the market at equilibrium (Adil 2006; Arnold 2008). Figure 1.1: Demand and supply curve for t ourism products when demand increases From the graph below, it is evident that as demand for the product increases, the price of the product will increase. However, as price increases, the quantity demand will remain the same as shown below. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Decline in supply A decline in the quantity supplied of the tourism products would cause an inward shift of the supply curve from SS1 to SS2. This shift would make prices to increase from P1 to P2. There would be no change in quantity demanded as can be seen in figure1. 2 below. This is because the demand for milk is not responsive to the changes in price. Figure 1.2: Demand and supply curve for tourism products when the quantity supplied decreases Changes in price of tourism products In the third scenario, assume that the price of tourism products increases, there will be an outward movement in both the supply and the demand curves as seen in figure 1.3 below, ceteris paribus. The quantity demanded would remain constant. However, the quantity supplied would increase say from Q1 to Q2 (Saada 2009; Henderson 2004). This creates a condition of disequilibrium in the market as quantity supplies exceeds the quantity demanded. Figure 1.3: Demand and supply curve for tourism products with an increase in price Thus, from the graph above, it is evident that the increase in price from P1 to P2 would cause a movement on the demand and supply curve. The quantity demanded will remain constant while quantity supplied will increase. The disequilibrium would cause the prices to fall thus restoring the equilibrium. Changes in price of tourism products A change in national income or household income of consumers increases the quantity of tourism products consumed. It is because there will be an increase in additional income available for consumption (Parkin 2007). The increase in income will cause an outward shift of the demand curve as shown below. Figure 1.4: Demand and supply curve for tourism products with an increase in income An increase in the amount of income causes the demand curve to shift from DD1 to DD2. This makes the quantity demanded to increase from Q1 to Q2. The price of the products will also increase from P1 to P2. Conclusion In summary, the concept of dem and and supply is the key to any economic analysis as demand and supply are the bricks of any equilibrium or market. It is not only prices that affect the market condition of a good. There are other factors such as price of related good, changes in technology among others. Goods can be classified as normal, inferior, necessities, and luxuries among others (Wessels 2006). These goods have different equilibrium conditions. In addition, analysis of goods in the market also depend on the responsiveness of the demand or supply of that commodity with respect to changes in the price of that good, price and demand of related goods and changes in other factors such as income. A market analysis of a commodity is achievable with one or two variables while others are held constant. The demand for tourism products does not change with changes in price. Thus, changes in prices would not affect the quantity demanded (Mankiw 2011). References Adil, J 2006, Supply and demand, Capstone Press, USA. Ar nold, R 2008, Economics, Cengage learning, USA. Bade, R Parkin, M 2009, Essential foundations of economics, Pearson Education, United States of America. Barber, R 2010, Elasticity, University of Michigan, New York. Henderson, D 2004, Supply and demand, Kessinger Publishing, USA. Mankiw, G 2011, Principles of economics, Cengage Learning, USA. Moon, M 2013, Demand and supply integration: The key to world-class demand forecasting, Pearson Education Inc., USA. Parkin, M 2007, Economics, University of Michigan, USA. Saada, S 2009, Elasticity: theory and application, Ross Publishing, USA. Wessels, W 2006, Economics, Barron’s Educational Series, USA. This research paper on Elasticity and Demand for Tourism Products was written and submitted by user Madilynn Cortez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

African-American Tennis Champion Althea Gibson Quotes

African-American Tennis Champion Althea Gibson Quotes Althea Gibson, a sharecroppers daughter raised on welfare mostly in New York City, learned tennis through public clubs. She rose to become the first African-American to play at Forest Hills and in the Wimbledon championships, and the first African-American to win either. Althea Gibson broke the color barrier in tennis, helping make possible the later careers of other African-American tennis players including Arthur Ashe and Venus and Serena Williams. Selected Althea Gibson Quotations I hope that I have accomplished just one thing: that I have been a credit to tennis and my country.I want the public to remember me as they knew me: athletic, smart, and healthy... Remember me strong and tough and quick, fleet of foot and tenacious.I always wanted to be somebody. If I made it, its half because I was game enough to take a lot of punishment along the way and half because there were a lot of people who cared enough to help me.I dont want to be put on a pedestal. I just want to be reasonably successful and live a normal life with all the conveniences to make it so. I think Ive already got the main thing Ive always wanted, which is to be somebody, to have identity. Im Althea Gibson, the tennis champion. I hope it makes me happy.No matter what accomplishments you make, somebody helped you.In the field of sports, you are more or less accepted for what you do rather than what you are.I knew that I was an unusual, talented girl through the grace of God. I didnt need to prove that to myself. I only wanted to prove it to my opponents. In sports, you simply arent considered a real champion until you have defended your title successfully. Winning it once can be a fluke; winning it twice proves you are the best.Most of us who aspire to be tops in our fields dont really consider the amount of work required to stay tops.People thought I was ruthless, which I was. I didnt give a darn who was on the other side of the net. Id knock you down if you got in my way.I just wanted to play, play, play.I was born too soon. Quotes About Althea Gibson Alice Marble, 1950, in American Lawn Tennis magazine: The entrance of Negroes into national tennis is as inevitable as it has proven in baseball, in football, or in boxing; there is no denying so much talent. The committee at Forest Hills has the power to stifle the efforts of one Althea Gibson, who may or may not be succeeded by others of her race who have equal or superior ability. They will knock at the door as she has done. Eventually, the tennis world will rise up en masse to protest the injustices perpetrated by our policymakers. Eventually why not now? New York Times writer Robert Thomas, jr., 1953: The lean and muscular young woman had a dominating serve, and her long, graceful reach often stunned opponents. New York Times writer Neil Amdur, 1955: She hits the ball and plays like a man. Betty Debnaun, principal of the new Althea Gibson Early Childhood Education Academy, 1999: Its only fitting to name the school after a woman as great as Althea Gibson. She excelled in everything she did. Shes a living legend. New York Times writer Ira Berkow: She was the Jackie Robinson of tennis, being first and doing it with so much pride and dignity. But she was also not like Jackie in that she never came out aggressive. Venus Williams, 2003: I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps. Her accomplishments set the stage for my success, and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come, her legacy will live on.

Strategic Management with The Key Focus on The Topic of Profit Essay

Strategic Management with The Key Focus on The Topic of Profit Maximisation - Essay Example Keeping in view the two above mentioned definition of business and profits, a simplistic conclusion is; the more profit, the better it is. But it is not practical option when evaluated with the perspective of other stakeholders of the business. The business does not have the investor as the only stake holder. The customers, suppliers, regulatory body, competitors, unions and society at large are the stake holders of the business and the organisations must consider all of them when conducting businesses and devising the profit plans. For instance, an airline while operating its flights, should consider the pollution effects it puts on the environment, the noise its take off and landings produce, which can disturb the citizens. It is, therefore, operating flights at night in US is legally prohibited. There are two approaches of profit maximisation i.e. increasing revenues and decreasing costs. The next sections discuss these two options in detail. Profit Maximisation though Revenue Inc rease It is important to note here that business sector earns revenues by customers, who consider the price of the product or service as the cost. Customers invest their hard earned income in buying goods and services. The price for businessman is cost for customers who incur this cost to fulfil the need for which product or service is designed. The interest of customer is to pay as low price for the product as possible. On the other hand, the interest of the businessman is to charge as high a price as possible. This trade off between the interest of purchaser and seller is set at an equilibrium price at which the seller receives considerable amount of profit and the buyer fulfils his needs at an... The author of the essay concludes that the answer to the question whether the organisations should adopt simple profit maximisation approach cannot be explicitly given in affirmation or negation. A balance is required between the profit orientation and societal orientation. It is because organisations operate in the society and they are ethically bound to share their gains with the entities that support generation of the profits. The clear cut statement is; in no circumstances the organisation should operate in losses. Attaining profits is the core objective; however, maximisation of profits can be compromised based on the environmental conditions and requirements. The case of monopolistic competition is discussed in the above paper. It is an unlikely situation for all the stakeholders except the business owners. This approach is minimized in the theories and practices of all times of business sector. In short, the business sector, that drives investment and economy, should focus on win-win conditions for all stake holders. It is pretty fair to state that the major chunk of profit remains in the hands of investor while rest of the stake holders get the returns of cost in terms of satisfied need or other intangible benefits. The focus of business sector should be achieving the realistic equilibrium whereby they can balance out the demand and supply of its products and services. Both the deviation and shift from equilibrium will lead to undesirable outcomes for the business sector and all other stake holders as well.

The Persuaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Persuaders - Essay Example The 2004 presidential campaign is also made a part of this video to explicate how the two persuaders, the Republicans and the Democrats, tried to take maximum advantage of innovative techniques to attract and persuade voters on basis of their individual demographic profiles. However, the catch-22 is that with more fierce bombardment of marketing techniques, it has also become increasingly harder to get consumers to respond to them. It is implied that as the marketing claims continue to become more sophisticated, consumers also continue to get more cynical. This has prompted refinement of old techniques by the persuasion industries to reestablish a bond between Americans and various brands. The video shows that in order to establish a magical and long-lasting connection with consumers, many brands have begun to use very surprising techniques like hiring of linguists and brain researchers as brand managers. Such brand managers seek to awaken the hidden desires of consumers by their magical words to influence their decision making when they go to a store to buy a certain product. Although they strive to create an emotional connection between consumers and their brands, there is much debate on whether these connections could be held real. My personal opinion is that often such brand managers, instead of honestly explaining the real message and promise behind the brand, only mean to manipulate consumers, misguide them, and tarnish their tastes. It is not uncommon for consumers to get lost or carried away while listening to these brand managers work their magic with their words. For example, the reality can turn out to be drastically different after buying a product and dis covering the contrast between its real value and the value promised by brand managers earlier on. I use an Apple iPhone and I can demonstrate well how the relatively new marketing trend, in which consumers are persuaded by brands to buy a product to

High levels of corruption limit investment and growth and lead to Essay - 1

High levels of corruption limit investment and growth and lead to ineffective government. Discuss with reference to concrete examples - Essay Example iciency is being advocated at all levels ÃŽ ¿f .the world outlook has now transitioned from the sustenance ÃŽ ¿f regulated economies to a liberalization ÃŽ ¿f the world economy. It is in this regard that corruption, a relatively new phenomenon is gaining widespread importance in economic circles. What distinguishes corruption from other indictors is essentially the fact that it is non-quantifiable concept. While measures ÃŽ ¿f growth, education and access to health facilities are easily available, it is extremely difficult to actually assess the level ÃŽ ¿f underhand dealings in an economy. The lack ÃŽ ¿f concrete information makes any corruption measure largely susceptible to biases and subjectivity. To augment is, depending on the definition ÃŽ ¿f corruption for any single economy. Our project is aimed at waiving the problems encountered in comprehending the exact nature ÃŽ ¿f the relationship between corruption and economic development. To this effect .we have attempted to do the following: * Present a theoretical framework in which to view the effect ÃŽ ¿f corruption on growth; we have presented annotated summaries for acceptable theories about corruption. At the same time we have ventured to formulate our own hypotheses about the corruption-development relationship. * Test the theoretical base for empirical validity; By conducting a cross-sectional study we attempted to discern the practical significance ÃŽ ¿f corruption. For the purpose ÃŽ ¿f the best we formulated our own model ÃŽ ¿f economic development, using both theory and relevant econometric tools. In the wake ÃŽ ¿f this we have rejected and accepted several theories. Our study has also acquainted us with economic relationships which digress from our main analysis but which are nevertheless educating. We were able to discern a highly interesting relationship whereby corruption was found to be more relevant to economic development than to economic growth, leading to the conclusion that perhaps the level ÃŽ ¿f rent -seeking in

Uses of Herbal Medicine: An Overview

Uses of Herbal Medicine: An Overview 1 Folk medicine According to WHO- ‘Traditional medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.’ (Qi, 2014) Generally traditional medicines, alternative medicine, indigenous medicine, complementary medicine, or natural medicine, folk medicine are all different names of locally found medicines. 1.1 Herbal Medicines An herb is a plant or plant part used for its scent, flavour, or therapeutic properties. Medical science in which use of plants for medicinal purposes is studied, is called ‘Herbology’. Herbal medicines include: (Qi, 2014) (Herbalism, n.d.) 2 Ayurvedic medicine Ayurveda, is one of the most ancient and comprehensive systems of healthcare. It is the science of life and system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent. It is believed that Lord Brahma the creator of universe was first preacher of Ayurveda. Four Vedas, composed between 5000 -1000BC have info on treatment by plants and natural resources. However, till 1000 BC Ayurvedic system was fully developed, into Caraka SamhitÄ  and Suņºruta SamhitÄ  (books on Ayurveda written in systematic manner); these two books included 8(Aà ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ­Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ga) major clinical specialities: (Ayurvedic Medicine, n.d.) (CCRA) 3 Herbal Antibiotic Medicines An antibiotic is an antibacterial agent that curbs bacterial growth or kills bacteria. Antibiotics if are used frequently for things they can’t treat—like colds or other viral infections—they can stop working efficiently against bacterial infections, this development is called as antibiotic resistance. (Bruno, 2014) 3.1 Echinacea 3.1.1 Introduction Echinacea is a group of herbaceous flowering plants (in daisy family), it contains nine species generally called as coneflowers. (Echinacea, n.d.) 3.1.2 Geographical Availability Are generally found in eastern and central North America. (Echinacea, n.d.) 3.1.3 Medicinal Effects/Uses It is called as granddaddy of all immune- enhancing herbs. It is an immune stimulant, is excellent in preventing and treating colds and influenza. Research reveals that it affirms the immune system by actuating white blood cells (WBCs-lymphocytes and macrophages. (Bruno, 2014) (Literature Education Series On Dietary Supplements ) 3.1.4 Dosage General dosage range for Echinacea extract is 200-300 mg; for acute infections (e.g. Cold or flu) could be increased to 900-1200mg. (Bruno, 2014) 3.2 Andrographis paniculata 3.2.1 Introduction Geographical Availability Also called as ‘king of bitters’, ‘kalmegh—‘Dark Cloud’’, ‘Bhuneem neem of ground’. It is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka; widely cultivated in south and south-east Asia. Mostly the leaves and roots are used for medicinal purposes. (Andrographis paniculata, n.d.) 3.2.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses It contains a number of bitter components, which have both immune-stimulating and anti-inflammatory action. Studies have shown that Andrographis may help individuals suffering from the respiratory infection, common cold, and ulcerative colitis. It has an active component Andrographolide, in Andrographis, which is responsible for modulation of various inflammations. (Bruno, 2014) (Literature Education Series On Dietary Supplements ) 3.3 Berberine 3.3.1 Introduction Geographical Availability It is a quaternary ammonium salt from protoberberine group of isoquinoline alkaloids; bitter in taste, yellow in colour, plant chemical found in the roots of various herbs, including- European barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Oregon grape (Berberis aquifolium)( Mahonia aquifolium)[flowering plant native to western North America], and tree turmeric (Berberis aristata).(Bruno, 2014) 3.3.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses Plants containing barberine are immune stimulant; also has shown activity against fungal infections, Candida albicans, yeast, parasites, and bacterial/viral infections such as urinary tract infections, chloroquine-resistant malaria, bacterial-induced diarrhoea, treatment of trachoma leishmaniasis(both in eye). 3.4 Shiitake and AHCC 3.4.1 Introduction Geographical Availability Shiitake is native to East Asia (China, Japan, and Korea). In English called as- Sawtooth oak mushroom, black forest mushroom, black mushroom, golden oak mushroom, or oakwood mushroom†. (Shiitake, n.d.) 3.4.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses Shiitake- is a mushroom used for increasing immunity, making liver healthy and regulating unwanted growth of muted stomach and pancreas cells (Cancer). Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) is an ÃŽ ±-glucan-rich compound isolated from shiitake. AHCC is the second most popular complementary and alternative medicine used by cancer patients in Japan. (Shiitake, n.d.) AHCC may increase the bodys resistance to pathogen (as resulted in experiments with-influenza virus, West Nile virus, or bacterial infection) 3.5 Pomegranates 3.5.1 Introduction Geographical Availability Originated in Iran. It has been mentioned in many ancient texts of Babylon, Quran, Hormeric Hymes, and Books of Exodus. (Pomegranate, n.d.) 3.5.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses Its juice has better antioxidant activity than red wine and green tea. (Pomegranate, n.d.) Use in Ayurvedic medicine: Bark of its tree, flower juice is used as remedy to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, internal parasites, stopping nose bleeds, gum bleeds, toning of skin and treating haemorrhoids. The seeds and juice of pomegranates are considered good for the heart and throat. Sweet pomegranate fruit is known as ‘blood builder’. Pomegranate juice is also used as an eye drop, as it is conceived to retard the growth of cataracts. (Nelson, n.d.) 3.6 Garlic 3.6.1 Introduction Geographical Availability It was known to Ancient Egyptians, and has been used for both medicinal purposes and culinary. Studies done have found that when it is crushed, it yields allicin-an antibiotic and antifungal compound, sulfur-containing compounds alliin, ajoene, diallyl polysulphides, vinyldithiins, S-ally cysteine, and enzymes, B vitamins, proteins, minerals, saponins, flavonoids etc. (Garlic, n.d.) 3.6.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses Garlic acts as Diuretic, Flu remedy, Urinary Antiseptic, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Anti asthmatic, immune stimulus etc. It also reduces accumulation of cholesterol, inhibits vascular calcification in patients with high blood cholesterol. Vasodilatory effect (widening of blood vessels) of garlic- probably due to catabolism of garlic-derived polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide in red blood cells (RBCs). 3.7 Ginger 3.7.1 Introduction Geographical Availability It is a spice that flourishes in warm and sunny regions like South Asia. Ayurvedic verse says that to enhance digestion everyone should eat fresh ginger just before lunch and dinner. The characteristic odour and taste of ginger is simulated due to a mixture non-volatile phenylpropanoid zingerone, shogaols and gingerols, volatile oils (called as essential oils) that compose 1-3% of the weight of fresh ginger. 3.7.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses Study paper on NCBI, ginger inhibits growth and modulates secretion of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancercells. The use of dietary agents such as ginger may have potential in the treatment and prevention of ovarian cancer. (Jennifer Rhode, 2007) In general, ginger enhances the blood flow throughout the body, and stimulates circulation, treat nausea caused by seasickness, morning sickness, digestive disorder, gastric problems, constipation, and colic. Tea brewed from ginger is a common local remedy for treating colds. 3.8 Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) 3.8.1 Introduction Geographical Availability A group of researchers from Central University of Punjab, have done study using Chloroplast genome sequences, and have found that Tulsi is native to North-Central India. (Tulsi, n.d.) Varieties of Tulsi/Holy Basil: Krishna or shyama Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) Rama Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Vana Tulsi (Ocimum gratissimum) 3.8.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses In Ayurveda, it is termed as ‘elixir of life’. (Bhattathiry, n.d.) 3.9 Turmeric 3.9.1 Introduction Geographical Availability It is native to tropical Tamil Nadu and South-East Asia. Chemical Composition: Most important group of compounds in turmeric is called curcuminoids. Curcuminoid include curcumin (diferuloylmethane) [3.14% avg.], demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. It also contain Volatile oils. (Turmeric, n.d.) 3.9.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses Turmeric is potent antioxidant, powerful anti-inflammatory agent, lowers total cholesterol, anticoagulant, act as antacid, liver protective, anticancer activity, boost immunity and reduces blood sugar. According to a study paper on NCBI, Curcumin (in turmeric) have shown positive effect on Alzheimers disease treatment. (Palanivelu, 2011) (Synopsis of Turmeric’s Healing Properties, n.d.) (Dr.Jayaprakash, n.d.) 3.10 Aloe Vera 3.10.1 Introduction Geographical Availability It is common in India, South Africa, Barbados, Haiti etc. The herb has been regularly mentioned as being used in herbal medicine since first century AD. (Aloe Vera, n.d.) It contains slippery, slimy constituents that have a soothing effect, as well as a wound-healing effect. In Ayurvedic medicines Aloe Vera is commonly used due to its antimicrobial properties. Sapnonin are the class of chemical compounds found in various plants (including Aloe Vera). It has soap like physical behaviour; it acts as anti-feedant, and protect plant against microbes and fungi. (Sapnonin, n.d.) 3.10.2 Medicinal Effects/Uses Commercial Use: Yogurts, beverages, health drinks, cosmetic items such as shampoos, soaps, creams, moisturizers etc. Scientific research and clinical trials have found it helpful in treating cancer and certain blood diseases, particularly those associated with low white blood cell counts, such as leukemia; have soothing skin and healing burns, have rashes, frostbite, and severe wounds(due to presence of chrysophanic acid); helpful in treating dandruff, acne, ringworm, gum disease . (Aloe Vera, n.d.) 4 References (2014, 05 08). Retrieved from NCHF: http://www.ncfh.org/docs/fs-Folk%20Medicine.pdf Aloe Vera. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera Aloe Vera. (n.d.). Retrieved from howstuffworks: http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/natural-medicine/herbal-remedies/aloe-vera-herbal-remedies.htm Andrographis paniculata. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrographis_paniculata Ayurvedic Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurvedic_medicine Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction. (2013, 08). Retrieved from NCCAM: http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm Berberine. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberine Berberis. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberis Bhattathiry, M. (n.d.). 15 Benefits of the Holy Basil (Tulsi). Retrieved from Hinduism: http://hinduism.about.com/od/ayurveda/a/tulsibenefits.htm Bruno, G. (2014, 01 02). Total Health. Retrieved from Herbal Alternatives to Antibiotics: http://www.totalhealthmagazine.com/articles/herbal-medicine/herbal-alternatives-to-antibiotics.html CCRA. (n.d.). Ayurveda Introduction. Retrieved from CCRAS: http://www.ccras.nic.in/ayurveda/Chapter-1 Introduction.pdf Dr.Jayaprakash. (n.d.). Turmeric secret ayurvedic recipes. Retrieved from dharmaayurveda: http://www.dharmaayurveda.com/article/2304.html?a Echinacea. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacea Garlic. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic Herbalism. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbalism Howstuffworks. (n.d.). Retrieved from Ginger: http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/natural-medicine/herbal-remedies/ginger-herbal-remedies.htm Jennifer Rhode, S. F. (2007). Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells. Retrieved from NCBI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2241638/ Literature Education Series On Dietary Supplements . (n.d.). Retrieved from Huntington College of Health Sciences : http://www.hchs.edu/literature/Cold Flu Sinusitus.pdf Nelson, N. (n.d.). 20 Antibacterial and Antiviral Herbs and How to Use Them. Retrieved from www.sustainablebabysteps.com/antiviral-herbs.html‎ Palanivelu, S. M. (2011). The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimers disease: An overview. Retrieved from NCBI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781139/ Pomegranate. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate Qi, D. Z. (2014). WHO. Retrieved from Traditional and Complementary Medicine: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/definitions/en/ Sapnonin. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponin#Medical_uses Shiitake. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiitake Shiitake. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiitake Synopsis of Turmeric’s Healing Properties. (n.d.). Retrieved from Turmeric: http://www.turmeric.co.in/turmeric_ayurvedic_use.htm Tulsi. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum Turmeric. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmeric

Chinas Reformation Essay -- History, Chinese Communist Party

In most works of art, the tone, costumes, and setting can largely influence the mood of the story. A deep examination of the mentioned attributes can possibly reveal latent messages and intents of the artists. This is evident in both Lao She’s Teahouse and China’s The Founding of a Republic. The Founding of a Republic was funded and produced by Chinese government as a celebration of the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China; as a result, it widely regarded as propaganda. Lao’s Teahouse, however, was written about the Chinese revolution from a common man’s perspective. These differences in the interpretation of the Chinese revolution, along with the intent of the presentations, reveal the creators’ underlying political messages. When The Founding of a Republic was released by the Chinese government in 2009, it was dismissed, often prematurely, as communist propaganda. While biased interpretations of the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are somewhat explicit through-out the film, the historical events shown are accurate. However, the events portrayed are primarily the malicious acts of the Nationalists, ignoring many of the equally heinous acts of the Communists. An example would be the assassination of 13 Communist party members. While this educates the audience of some of the tragic events of the Chinese Civil War, the communists are clearly portrayed as the virtuous heroes. The presentation of the characters in The Founding of a Republic gives another look into the Government’s hidden messages. The Nationalists are often shown with a negative connotation. The officials are shown wearing black or very dark outfits and are commonly surrounded by armed soldiers. The KMT scene... ...and even girls for money and to invoke fear (63). The government also seized virtually any property they wanted by claiming it was â€Å"traitor’s property† (74). Evidently the Teahouse paints a much darker picture of the Chinese Revolution. It offers a common man’s perspective to the economic decline and increased corruption that sometimes went unnoticed in the elite’s eyes. The Founding of a Republic told a much different view of the reform movement from the Communist elite’s eyes. The chosen portrayal of a benevolent CCP and malicious KMT is largely biased, although most of the events are historically accurate. The film can be categorized as Chinese Communist propaganda, but a deeper meaning can be observed also. Examining and comparing both works of art and their viewpoint of the revolution can offer a good look as to the creators’ intent and political message.

Haymarket Riot

As result of the Industrial Revolution, people in America earned more money, most of which they used to open new businesses and factories. There were now many different types of machines to do the work that people had to do themselves in the past. Thus, machines rapidly replaced people. Now with less people working and getting paid, there were people that could afford what these factories were making. Most of the people working in the United States at this time were immigrants, so they were forced to work for very low wages. A working adult would be considered lucky to bring home a daily income of only $2. 00. Kids on the other hand, only made about 70 cents a day for spending their entire childhood sorting through coal or performing other strenuous jobs. Most people worked between ten and fourteen hours each day with peanuts for income. As result, Chicago Illinois, as well as many other cities in the United States, fell into poverty. However, not all employees at this time were cruel and blackhearted. Most at the time though just wanted to get the most out of their employees for the least amount of pay. Soon the Labor Union movement started. People in this union wanted to ban child labor, increase pay, and to create shorter workdays. Conflict after conflict broke out spawning from the Labor Union; many of which the police were brought in to settle. By 1886, the major concern of the Labor Union was to establish an eight-hour workday. By now there were several unions, all of which could not agree with one another on how to fight for this rightfully deserved demand. Finally, the Knights of Labor, who originated in Chicago, organized a nation wide strike. However, the newspapers, business leaders, and politicians didn t agree with these actions. They said, the new eight-hour workday would promote loafing, gambling, rioting, debauchery and drunkenness (Simon). Knowing that they would be fired, workers still stood up for what they believed in and followed through with the strike. On May1, 1886, the strike stared. More than 300,000 workers went on strike in nine different cities across the vast nation. One of these cities was Boston. However, only a few employers nation wide granted their employees the shorter workday. As result, the next two months were filled with the police, the strikers, and the scabs. Scabs were people who refused to go on strike with the rest of their coworkers. They acquired this name from the angry strikers. On May 3, 1886, more than 500 strikers met up with some scabs as they were leaving a plant in Chicago. The agitated mob blasted the scabs with sticks, rocks, and just about anything they could possible get their hands on. This continued until police arrived and eventually broke up the fight. August Spies then proceeded to organize a protest meeting in Haymarket Square. The strikers were told to be armed in case the police resorted to violence on them. The following day when Spies came to the meeting he spoke in front of about 1,200 people. Albert Parsons, along with Spies and other speakers, spoke of the McCormick riot, and the rights and the responsibilities of the American worker. Then as it began to rain, people slowly began to leave and head home. One of the many to leave was the mayor of the city, Charter H. Harrison. On the way home he stopped off at the police station to tell the officers on stand-by that they could go home because the protest was peaceful. About ten minutes later, two undercover agents came to the police station and said that there were some offensive things being said at the protest, and that the officers should go break it up. When the police arrived at Haymarket Square, some words as well as actions were shared between the strikers and the police. Before long, a bomb was anonymously thrown into the crowd of police. This was the first time a bomb like this was used in the United States. Quickly responding to the bomb, the police officers began to fire into the crowd of strikers and all hell broke loose. As result of the bomb, one police officer was killed instantly, and six others died within the next two weeks because of serious wounds. The following day the newspapers were loaded with headlines which accused Spies, Parsons, and Fielden of releasing this deadly bomb into the crowd. Some newspapers even said that the Haymarket riot, anarchists, and socialists were the reason for other disturbances around the country. They said that punishments should be dealt to Spies, Parsons and Fielden, because people of the United States were accusing them of murder. However, one newspaper reported that if the police hadn t raided the protest, there wouldn t have been a bomb thrown, because there wouldn t have been anything to spark the argument. Another newspaper, the Labor Enquirer, wrote in one of it s articles, twice as many honest men were murdered in coal mines as have been killed in Chicago, and there isn t any noise at all about it (americanhistory. com). Still other papers wrote that is working and living conditions were better, then none of this probably would have happened. Captain Michael J. Shaak was so outraged by the Haymarket riot that he arrested hundreds of people who attended the protest that day, or even the people who were suspected of being there. While making all these arrests, the captain discovered secret societies and bombs, on top of many other conspiracies. Without warrants, he continued his investigation by breaking into houses. Then he proceeded to beat and bribe people into saying that they were witnesses to what went on in the Haymarket Square. However, out of all these hundreds of people who were arrested, only eight people were brought to an actual trial. These eight people were August Spies, Albert Parsons, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fisher, Michael Schwabb, Louis Lingg, Oscar Neebee, and George Engel. Horribly enough, only three out of these eight men were actually at Haymarket square when the riot broke out. On June 21, 1886, the trial for these eight men began. The defendants were said to be the underdogs because the jury was hand-picked by Judge Joseph E. Gary, who desperately wanted these men to be convicted of murder. Many people considered the defendants guilty, and these people wanted the men to face the same punishment as the people who lost their lives in the riot. In other words, they were wanted dead. Before the trial started, Judge Joseph E. Gary was quoted saying, those fellows are going to be hanged as certain as death (Encarta 99). The main attack by the defense during the trial was that the jury was prejudice. However, the judge simply overruled all these attempts made by the defense, and the unfair trial proceeded. During the trial, the state s attorney was allowed to ask whatever he wanted to. Also, the defense was not allowed to cross-examine the witnesses, who were mostly police men or false witnesses, in order to convict the men of the crime. As the trial proceeded, the police repedily showed bombs and referred to the men as anarchists. Even though there was no evidence to prove that the defendants knew anything about the bomb or who threw it, they were eventually convicted of murder. On the morning of August 20, the jury entered the courtroom with their verdict. Seven out of the eight men on trial were sentenced to death. Oscar Neebee was the only one who was sentenced to jail time. He received a whopping fifteen years in jail for a crime he did not even commit. However, he was the only one out of the eight men who was allowed to live. Some newspapers reported that these men were on trial only because of their political views. However, most people did not care to agree with these statements and controversy continues to brew. When the verdict was announced that dreadful morning, people outside the courtroom lit up with excitement and joy. Some were so happy that they were willing to award the jury with a cash bonus just for convicting the defendants. The only people that were sad over the verdict were the families of the defense, the lawyers, and of course the defendants themselves. The press then went on to say that the only bad thing about the whole trial was that the defendants were not able to appeal seeing as how they were sentenced to death. Appeal to the verdict was exactly what the defendants lawyers did. On March 13, 1887, six judges from the Illinois Supreme Court met in Ottawa to listen to the appeal. When the judges were done reviewing the case they admitted that it was a very unfair trial. However, they failed to do anything about it. The defense attorney, Mr. Black, then tried for an appeal at U. S. court headquarters, but they refused to even look at the case. Finally the defense went to their last resort, the governor of Illinois, to ask for a pardon. It was great timing by the defense because the public was beginning to feel sorry for the seven doomed men. Some people wrote to the governor stating that the only thing these men were guilty of was their opinion. Finally the governor decided to hold a hearing for these men. That day was filled with a lot of appeals and arguments. On November 11, 1887, the governor announced that there would be no pardon. However, now only four out of the eight men would be executed. It would have been five but Louis Lingg was found earlier that morning with half his head blown off. It was ruled a suicide. Michael Shwab and Samuel Fielden got their death sentences lessened to life in prison. So now Parsons, Spies, Fisher, and Engel would be put to death. Amazingly they accepted this sentence without any outrage or resistance. That same day, the four remaining men walked to their deathsite. As they were being prepared to be hanged, Spies bellowed out his last words which were, There will come a time when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today! Immediately after Parsons let out his final words, Will I be allowed to speak for men of America? Let the voice of the people be heard! But before they could all finish they were hanged. Their funeral was held at Waldheim Cemetery, and was attended by more than fifteen thousand people. Eventually what these courageous men fought for was granted. The eight men hour workday was established, and these eight men became known as heroes. After these men were killed, the governor of Illinois, John P. Altged, reviewed the case and issued a pardon for all eight men that were tried. He discovered that the jurors were unfair, what the judge did was illegal, and ultimately that all eight men were innocent. As result, the three men in jail, Feilden, Schwab, and Neebee, were all released from jail and acquitted of all charges. Still to this day, it is unknown who threw the bomb in Haymarket Square, and killed the policemen. We will probably never know who the actual bomber really was. However, there is now an international workers holiday on May 1, dedicated to what went down that day in Haymarket Square, which has now became known as the Haymarket Riot.

Beowulf and Roland essays

Beowulf and Roland essays Over the years, previous research has confirmed a high incidence of communication problems among male and female juvenile delinquents. Researchers have documented challenges in a broad range of communication skills including articulation, fluency, semantics, morphology, and syntax (Cozad; Falconer). Basically these findings resulted from assessment procedures that relied primarily on standardized tests rather than analyses of conversational skills or other means of assessing how individuals use language functionally in their everyday social interactions. Standardized speech and language tend to focus on mastery of discrete skills and rarely assess communication performance in real life situations. Standardized testing has shown that juvenile delinquents have a high incidence of communication problems. A productive study was conducted to explore communication problems in juvenile delinquents. There were forty-five female participants residing at a correctional institution for adjudicated youths. Ages of the participants ranged from fourteen to eighteen years. They had to be convicted of committing one or more misdemeanor or felony offenses. Twenty-nine of the participants were Caucasian, six were Native American, four were African-American, four were Hispanic, and two were Asian American. They were all from lower socio-economic or working class families. This has all been referred from their parents occupations. Institutional and school records revealed that all participants had IQ scores ranging from 81-116. About one-third of the youths had received special education services at some point during their education. This included seven participants who had received services for learning disabilities. Two of the seven plus four more had received speech services for articulation problems; and four had received services for behavioral disorders. All participants engaged in conversations about commu...

SAT Curve Is It Real

SAT Curve Is It Real SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many high school tests are curved, but what about the SAT? Is the SAT curved? Canwhen or whom you take the exam with affect your final SAT score? In this article, we'll answer all ofyour questions about the SAT curve. First, we'llclosely examine whether there actually is an SAT curve and discusshow the SAT is scored. We'll then look at SAT curve trendsand give you tips on how you canuse SAT curves to your advantage. Is the SAT Curved? Contrary to what you may believe, there is no SAT curve. This means your SAT score willnever be affected by how other test takers perform on thetest. So even if everyone you took the SAT with were to performpoorly on it, the College Board would not raise everyone's SAT scores to account forthe surplusof low test scores. In other words,you will never receive an SAT score higher than what you actually earned on the test, regardless of whom you took the test with. But if the SAT isn't curved relative to other test takers, how does its scoring system work? Is an 800 in Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) on one SAT the same as a perfect EBRW score on another? Or is it more difficult to score highlyon certain test dates? To account for slight differences in difficulty among SATs, the College Board uses a system known asequating. This processensures that SAT scores areconsistent across tests and will always indicate the same level of ability no matter when youtake the SAT.Soa 650 Math score on one SAT will always correspondto a 650 Math score on another SAT- even if one test contains easier Math questions. Inthe College Board's words: â€Å"This [equating] process ensures that no student receives an advantage or disadvantage from taking a particular form of the test on a particular day;* a score of 400 on one test form is equivalent to a score of 400 on another test form.† *Emphasis mine. Through this equating process, or "SAT curves," the College Board can account for slight variations in difficulty among SATs to give test takers on different test datesthe same opportunityto achievetheir goal scores. As a result, there is no single besttime to take the SAT. Regardless of how easy or difficult a test may be,all SATs are equated so that getting a certainscaled score will always require the same amount of effort and level of ability. So how is the SAT scored? Andhow is it equated? Read on to find out. How Do SAT Curves Work? Before we get into the SAT equating process, let's do aquick recap of the scoring system. Both theEBRW and Math scores use scales of 200-800andcombine to give youa composite score range of 400-1600. But you likely know therearen't 1,600 total questions on the SAT. So then how are these scaled scores calculated? On the SAT (excluding the Essay), you earn one point for every question you answer correctly. (You do not lose any points for incorrect or blank answers.) All of your correct answers combine to give you araw score for each section. If you were to correctly answer 45 out of 58 Math questions, your raw Math score would equal 45. This raw score is subsequently converted into a Math section score (i.e., your final scaled score). But the process is a little more complicated for the Reading and Writing sections. Like the Math section, your Reading and Writing performancesare assigned raw scores based on the number of questions you answered correctly. Theseraw scores are then converted into test scoreson a scale of 10-40. Finally, the test scores are added together and multiplied by 10 to give you an EBRW score (on a scale of 200-800- the same as it is for Math). But here's the caveat: raw scores on one SAT willnotnecessarily convert into the same scaled scores on another. Why is there this discrepancy? Each SAT varies slightly in content and difficulty, and so to account for these variations, the College Board translates raw scores into scaled scoresusing individualequating formulas for each test. This essentially meansyou'll never be able to know before you take the SAT how a raw score will convert into a scaled score. That said,by looking at ascore conversion table from an official SAT practice test, we can get a rough idea as to how the equating process works for each SAT. These conversion tables- which differ slightly with each test due to differences in equating formulas- show us how raw scores convert into scaled scores for different sections of the test. The two tables below are based on the score conversion tables forPractice Test #6and Practice Test #7(both of which are copies ofreal SATs!). SAT Practice Test #6 Raw Score Conversion Chart Raw Score Math Section Score Reading Test Score Writing and Language Test Score 0 200 10 10 1 200 10 10 2 210 10 10 3 230 10 11 4 250 11 11 5 260 12 12 6 280 13 13 7 290 14 14 8 310 15 15 9 320 15 16 10 330 16 16 11 340 17 17 12 350 17 18 13 360 18 18 14 380 18 19 15 390 19 20 16 400 19 20 17 410 20 21 18 420 20 22 19 430 21 23 20 440 21 23 21 450 22 24 22 460 22 25 23 470 23 25 24 490 23 26 25 500 24 27 26 510 24 27 27 510 25 28 28 520 25 28 29 530 26 29 30 530 26 30 31 540 27 30 32 550 27 31 33 560 28 31 34 570 28 32 35 580 29 33 36 590 29 34 37 590 30 34 38 600 30 35 39 610 31 36 40 620 31 36 41 630 32 38 42 640 33 39 43 650 33 39 44 660 34 40 45 670 35 46 670 36 47 680 37 48 690 37 49 700 38 50 710 39 51 720 40 52 730 40 53 740 54 760 55 770 56 780 57 790 58 800 Source: Scoring Your SAT Practice Test #6 Overwhelmed by all of the numbers? Time for kitty therapy. SAT Practice Test #7 Raw Score Conversion Chart Raw Score Math Section Score Reading Test Score Writing and Language Test Score 0 200 10 10 1 200 10 10 2 210 10 10 3 230 10 10 4 250 11 11 5 260 12 12 6 280 13 12 7 290 14 13 8 310 15 14 9 320 15 15 10 330 16 15 11 350 17 16 12 360 17 17 13 370 18 18 14 380 18 18 15 390 19 19 16 400 20 19 17 420 20 20 18 430 21 21 19 430 21 22 20 440 22 22 21 450 22 23 22 460 23 24 23 470 23 25 24 480 24 25 25 490 24 26 26 500 25 26 27 510 25 27 28 510 26 28 29 520 26 29 30 530 27 29 31 530 27 30 32 540 28 31 33 550 28 31 34 550 29 32 35 560 29 32 36 570 30 33 37 580 30 34 38 590 31 34 39 590 31 35 40 600 32 36 41 610 32 36 42 620 33 37 43 630 34 39 44 640 35 40 45 650 35 46 660 36 47 670 37 48 680 37 49 680 38 50 690 39 51 700 39 52 720 40 53 730 54 740 55 760 56 770 57 790 58 800 Source: Scoring Your SAT Practice Test #7 Just byglancing at these charts, you can probablytell there are several minor differences in how the raw scores for Math, Reading, and Writing convert into scaled or test scores. For Math, a raw score of 40 would net you 620 on Test #6 but only 600 on Test #7! This hints thatthe Math section on Test #7 is a little easier than thaton Test #6. How can we tell? OnTest #7, you must answer more questions correctly (and obtain a higher raw score of 42) to get a scaled score of 620. The trends are similar for Reading.You could get a perfect 40 on Reading on Test #6, even if you were to miss a question (and earna raw score of 51). On Test #7, however, missing just one question reduces your Reading test score to 39. Once again, we can see a minute difference in difficulty: the Reading section on Test #6 is slightly more difficult than that on Test #7, and has thus been equated so that even if you were to miss aquestion you willstill get a perfect score. You'll find similar differences among the Writing scores, too.A raw score of 42 will nab you a near-perfect test score of 39 on Test #6 but a noticeably lower 37 on Test #7. Ultimately, through these tables, we can confirm thatraw SAT scoresdo not consistently convert into the same scaled scores for each test. So while you can't know for sure how many questions you'll need to answer correctly on the SAT in order to get the scaled scores you want, you can use the tables above to give yourself an ideaas to how your raw scores may translate into scaled scores on test day. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! How Has the SAT Curve Changed Over Time? Because the new SAThasn’t been around that long,we can't determine yet how much the SAT curves have changed with each testing year. That being said, we can look at some of the officialscore range tables for previous testing years (for the old, pre-2016 SAT) to get a feel for how the new SAT might experience similar trends. Score range tables show us how raw scores convert into scaled scores for entiretesting years. For this analysis, we'll be looking at a10-year difference using the 2005-06and 2015-16raw score to scaled score range tables. 2005-06 SAT Score Range Table Raw Score Critical Reading Raw Score Mathematics Raw Score Writing (Multiple Choice) 67 800 65 790-800 60 710-740 55 660-680 54 800 50 620-640 50 710-750 49 800 45 580-600 45 650-690 45 700-770 40 550-570 40 610-640 40 630-670 35 520-530 35 570-600 35 570-610 30 490-500 30 530-550 30 520-560 25 460-470 25 490-510 25 480-510 20 420-440 20 450-470 20 440-470 15 390-410 15 410-430 15 400-430 10 350-380 10 370-390 10 350-380 5 290-330 5 310-340 5 300-330 0 200-270 0 210-260 0 210-260 -5 200 -5 200 -5 200 Source: SAT Raw Score to Scaled Score Ranges 2005-06 2015-16 SAT Score Range Table Raw Score Critical Reading Raw Score Mathematics Raw Score Writing (Multiple Choice) 67 800 65 790-800 60 710-740 55 650-680 54 800 50 610-630 50 700-730 49 800 45 570-590 45 650-670 45 690-720 40 540-560 40 600-620 40 620-650 35 510-520 35 560-570 35 560-600 30 480-490 30 520-530 30 510-550 25 450-460 25 480-490 25 470-500 20 420-430 20 440-460 20 420-460 15 380-400 15 400-420 15 380-410 10 340-360 10 350-380 10 340-370 5 290-320 5 300-330 5 280-320 0 200-240 0 220-260 0 200-240 -5 200 -5 200 -5 200 Source: SAT Raw Score to Scaled Score Range 2015-16 Before we analyzeeach SAT curve chart, keep in mind that these tables are for the old SAT; therefore,the Reading and Writing scores are not combined for an overallEBRW score asthey are currently. In addition, unlike the new SAT, on the old SAT you could score lower than a 0 due to penalties for incorrect answers. Let's start with the SAT Math curve. According to the data above, araw Math score of 50gave test takersas high as 750 in the 2005-06 testing year but onlyas high as 730 in the 2015-16 testing year. Similarly, if you look at the highest possible scaled score for each Math range, you'll findthat the 2005-06 maximums are consistently (albeit only marginally) higher than those on the 2015-16 table. What thispattern tells us is that, on average, the Math sections on the 2005-06 SATs were slightly harderthan those on the 2015-16 SATs. This is evidenced by the fact youtypically needed to score more raw points in 2015-16 to get the same scaled Math scores in 2005-06. But what about the other sections? On Writing,you used to be able to earn up to 49 raw points. In 2005-06, you could score as high as 770 with a raw score of 45 but only as high as 720 with the same raw score in 2015-16. And with theSAT Critical Reading curve, the 2005-06 and 2015-16 ranges are mostly the same, give or take10 points. Based on all of this information, then, what can we conclude about the SAT curve? The tables indicate that the number of questions you must answer correctly to get certain scaled scores has stayed roughly the same over the years. Generally speaking, the variations among scaled scores on each section are minimal- usually only 10- or 20-point differences at most. Therefore, these patterns- along with the fact thatSAT percentiles hardlychange each year- imply that the difficulty of the SAT has stayed relatively consistentover time. Using theSAT Curve to Your Advantage: 5 Do's and Don'ts By now you may be wondering how theSAT curve can helpyou, personally. Below, I give you thedo’s and don’ts of what to do with this knowledge about the SAT equating system,so thatyoucan give yourself a better shot at getting the SAT scores you needfor college. Do: Use raw score conversion tables toestimatehow many correct answers you’ll need to get the scaled scores you want.My recommendation is tofirst figure out your SAT goal scores.Once you have these scores, use any raw score conversiontable from anSAT practice test (or multiple tests) to get a feel for the raw scores you'll need on each section in order to hityour (scaled) goal scores on test day. (Tests #5, #6, and #7 are all former SATs, so these are great tests to use!) Take the SAT curvewith a grain of salt. Although the equating process can be helpful, at the end of the day nobody (except the College Board!) knows the exact equating formula for the SAT you’re going to take. So don’t worry too much about raw scores and how they convert into scaled scores- just know that while you can use equating tablesto help you estimate the number of correct answers you'll need, this data will never be 100-percent applicable to your particular test. Don't: Confuse the SAT equating process with a regular curve. As I mentioned before, there is no SAT curve- at least not in the traditional sense. On the SAT, how other test takers score has zero bearing on your score (though it does affect your SAT percentile).The only factor that influencesyour scaled score is the equating process, which varieswith each SAT to ensure scaled scores represent the same levels of ability across tests. Assume when you take the test willaffectyour score. Again, this is a common misconception. Many people believe certain tests areeasier to score higher on than others due to variations in difficulty or different abilities of test takers. But this isn't true! The equating process makes it so you don't gain or lose any likelihood of attaining a certain score, no matter when or with whom you take the SAT. Try togame the system.Because you can't know for certainhow your raw SAT scores will convert into scaled scores, it's impossible to use what we know about theequating process to cheat the system and guarantee yourself a higher score.Anyone who claims this is possible is flat-outwrong! Now, sit back and grab your popcorn- it's time for the recap! Recap: What Is the SAT Curve? How Does It Work? So is the SAT curved? In short, no, the SAT isn't curved.However, the College Board does use an equating system, which ensures scaled SAT scores always correlate tothe same levels of ability, no matter when you take the test. Although there's no way of knowing forsure just how your raw scores will convert into scaled scores, you can use raw score to scaled score range tables from official SAT practice tests to help you approximate the number of questions you'll need to answer correctly on test day, so you can get the scaled scores you want. Unfortunately,these tables aren't a hundred percent reliable, as each test uses a different equating formula (that only the College Board knows). Lastly, don't try to use the SAT curveto cheatthe SAT. As long as youstudy hardand usehigh-quality resources, you'll be on your way to a high SAT score (and hopefully the college of your dreams) in no time! What’s Next? You understand how the SAT curve works- but what about the scoring system? Read our in-depth guide to how the SAT is scoredto learn more about theequating process andhow subscores and cross-test scores come into play. Want to learn more about SAT scores?Find your goal score with our step-by-step guide and learn about the current averages. Once you're finished with those, check out my article on SAT scores for colleges to see what kinds of scores you'll need for popular schools! If you enjoyed this article, you'll love myanalysisof the ACT curve! Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Current performance of Islamic bank around the world Dissertation

Current performance of Islamic bank around the world - Dissertation Example However, some countries such as Indonesia, Bangladesh, Egypt, Malaysia and Jordan are offering the services of Islamic banking through traditional banking services. In some countries like Pakistan, there are banks that are operating in accordance with the Islamic laws and at the same time there are some banks that are practicing conventional banking and at the same time some of their branches are offering Islamic banking services. Not only there has been an increasing trend of Muslim majority countries practicing Islamic banking products but certain Western countries including United Kingdom, United States and Australia have been also observing an increasing trend in regard to the Islamic banking. Although the industry of Islamic banking is still growing and an emerging industry, but in different parts of the world this industry has been achieving very high profits unlike United Kingdom. However in countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bahrain this industry has been growing. In Pakistan, Islamic banks have reported a profit of 5.7 PKR which is approximately 59% of the total market share in the year 2011 (The News, 2012).). In Bahrain, Islamic banking industry is also one of the fasted growing industries of the countries and still there are several opportunities in the countries (Laxman, 2011). In addition to this, Islamic banking industry is showing good progress and is giving tough time to traditional banks in several other western countries. Financial performance of Islamic financial institutions in UK United Kingdom and particularly London has been considered as an important market place by investors and in this part of the world; both Islamic and non-Islamic banks have inve sted. Initially Islamic banks started their services in London by offering simple products like house financing however with the passage of time the quality of products as well as the complexities involved increased (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, and Ravalia, 2007). after analysing different opportunities for profits and growth, number of Islamic banks invested in United Kingdom and tried to capitalise on these opportunities. Some of the most prominent names of Islamic banks in UK are: Islamic Bank of Britain HSBC Amanah Lloyds TSB The products and services offered by Islamic banks are not only for Muslims but for non-Muslims as well and this is one of the reasons why it has become highly famous in UK despite of the challenges it faces. However recently the performance of the Islamic bank has not been satisfactory and the opportunities that every one identified had not been capitalised by these Islamic banks. This is one of the reasons why one of the leading Islamic banks, Isla mic bank of Britain had to be bailed out in the year 2010 by Qatar after several successive years of losses. After the financial crisis, the Islamic banks in United Kingdom have suffered a lot. Lloyds Islamic bank also removed its investment from United Kingdom as they did not see bright future in the country (Goodway, 2010). Islamic Bank of Britain which has been able to make a name in the United kingdom is also losing its customers. in 2009, the Islamic bank had lost almost 50,000 customers as the total loss of the bank increased to ?9.5 million from ?5.9 million. Considering the situation of the bank, IBB had to raise additional capital of 2009. Then

Public Speaking Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Speaking - Speech or Presentation Example This only occurs when the speaker has a wide database of information to stand on and speak aloud of and in. Such questions which could be probed into are the following (which are broad lines to what should be asked)worth asking and must be asked to the representative are such as follows(in means and understanding that whether the speakers would be interested in the following questions or not when spoken about to them): The information to convey should be positively building a view of the scope of the company the speaker is speaking about. How far interested are they in the development of the speech into other components of discussion such as administration management of females and males relation in the office and ability to communicate between both genders in the company. The activities that are discussed concerning the look and overlook of the women to a male discussion and what men see and convey from meanings and what women tend to understand and what men in return tend to understand when women speak to them or discuss a topic with them. AreAre the executives willing to probe into such discussions Can the speaker openly discuss the opinions from a social point of view and personal to find a policy that is effective and reaching between two extremes (the manner of behavioral attitudes between men and women at work). Having on mind that men and women have examples of conveying understanding through physical appearances and jestures: how could I tell that the board is accepting what I say and what I do not say(men tend to be up and straight-forward and women could be quiet and chit chat among themselves). What are the issues that the board needs to discuss mainly (social, political, economical..) What trials