Water Symbolism Throughout The Novel Essays - English-language Films

Water Symbolism Throughout The Novel A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway, is a story about love and war. Frederic Henry, a young American, works as an ambulance driver for the Italian army in World War I. He falls tragically in love with a beautiful English nurse, Miss Catherine Barkley. This tragedy is reflected by water. Throughout the novel Ernest Hemingway uses water as metaphors. Rivers are used as symbols of rebirth and escape and rain as tragedy and disaster, which show how water plays an important role in the story. Rivers in A Farewell to Arms represent rebirth. They symbolize a departure from a previous life and an entrance to a new one. The first evidence of this comes during the retreat of the Italian troops from their post. While walking with his fellow soldiers, Frederic is arrested and fears that he will be executed. He jumps in the river with a splash allowing it to float him along. It is like when Frederic jumps in the river, he is baptizing himself and cleansing his soul. The trip down the river gives him time to think about his future life with Catherine, even though he is uncertain if there will ever be a future between them again. The river eventually takes him to a railroad where he makes the decision that he is done with the war and that he made his farewell to arms. Hemingway uses water as a metaphoric cleansing for Frederic's past experiences. When Henry emerged from the river, it was as if he was reborn. Rivers in this novel can also be a symbol for an escape. Weeks later, when Frederic hears from the barman about his expected arrest, he and Catherine escape for Switzerland by boat. They leave their old lives behind in search of a clean start in Switzerland. They row along the river, finally reaching their destination. Upon their arrival they are arrested, but then quickly released. It was again as if the river has established an opportunity to lead a new life, away from the war in Italy to a more comfortable life. Henry's and Catherine's escape through the river not only leads them to a better life but the unborn child, too. As a symbol of tragedy rain is frequently used by Hemingway in this novel. Rain is a symbol of disaster already beginning in the first chapter when the reader learns that the war is not going well and that the the permanent rain brought the cholera. Here rain is related to illness. Rain also falls when Frederic and Catherine are looking for a hotel room so they can be together before Frederic must leave for the front. Catherine buys a nightgown for the evening. And when they find a room, she looks in the mirrors and feels cheap, while Frederic looks outside at the storm. The rain degrades the farewell of Frederic, and Catherine tells him that ?[she] never felt like a whore before. Rain also falls during the troop's retreat which is symbolizing a failure. One night when Catherine and Frederic are in the hotel in Italy, Frederic awakens to the sound of rain and learns that he will be arrested. And during their time of escape from Italy to Switzerland it is very windy and rainy. That sy mbolizes how their escape would definitely be difficult. It takes them many hours to row to Switzerland's shore. A second role that rain plays in A Farewell to Arms is to reflect death. On a rainy day when Frederic is recovering from his injury, Catherine describes the weather as scary. She tells him that she is afraid of the rain ?because sometimes [she] sees them dead in it. This may be interpreted as meaning that rain is an omen of death. And Hemingway foreshadows through this sentence how rain will symbolically impede and end their relationship. When the time comes for Catherine to have her baby, it is raining again and it continues to rain during the delivery. It is still raining when she and the child die, which proves Catherine's fears to be correct. Hemingway uses rain as a sign of death, sadness or to give one of his characters the state of

Salinity Lab Report Essay Example

Salinity Lab Report Essay Example Salinity Lab Report Paper Salinity Lab Report Paper If you put these organisms in a bottle and turn on the lights, you get photosynthesis. If you turn off the lights, you turn off the primary production. Darkness has no effect on respiration. This is because cellular respiration is actually the reverse process of photosynthesis. Oxygen is a necessity of life requirements for basically all living organisms. * In this lab we are testing how different levels of salinity in the water indirectly affects the gross primary productivity in aquatic plants. To measure this you would use the light ND dark bottle method. Only respiration (R) can occur in the bottle stored in the dark. The decrease in dissolved oxygen in the dark bottle over time is a measure of the rate of respiration. Both photosynthesis and respiration can occur in the bottle exposed to light, however the difference between the amount of oxygen produced through photosynthesis and that consumed through respiration is the net primary productivity (NAP). The difference in dissolved oxygen over time between the bottles stored in the light and in the dark is a measure of the total amount of oxygen produced by photosynthesis. The total amount of oxygen produced is called the gross primary productivity (GAP). The equation for this method is as followed: GAP= NAP + R NAP= light bottle initial DO R= initial DO- dark bottle Materials: 18 moll flasks 2- 1000 ml beakers Stirrers salt Weigh boat Scale Distilled water Tap water Tape Sharpie Tin foil Dissolved oxygen probe Compact plant leaves Dissolve oxygen probe Plastic film Procedure: 1. Plug in and set up dissolved oxygen probe 2. Gather 18 flasks 3. Separate the flasks into 3 groups (0. 25 g/ml, 0. 02 g/ml, and zero MGM/l) 4. Label he first 6 flasks zero for zero salt. 5. Label the next 6 flasks 0. 25 g/ml because those flasks will have salinity content of 0. 25 g/ml. 6. Label the last 6 flasks 0. Egg/ml which will have salinity content of 0. 02 g/ml 7. Using the scale and a weigh boat, weigh out 0. 25 grams of salt. 8. Fill the 1 liter beaker with tap water and pour the 0. 25 grams of salt. 9. Mix and distribute the water to the 60. 25 g/ml flasks. 10. Repeat steps 6 through 9 using the required measurements. 11. Using the dissolved oxygen probe measure and record the data for all 18 flasks. This quantitative data will be your initial dissolved oxygen. 12. Place one compact plant leaf into every flask and airtight seal each flask using the plastic film. 13. Within the 3 separate groups, split the flasks into two groups. Wrap half of the group flasks in tin foil and the other half place under lights. (i. E. : The 6 zero salinity flasks will turn into two groups of 3. ) 14. Wait 3 days and then record findings. Use this data to calculate NAP, R, and GAP. Discussion: From the data collected, I got negative GAP and R values which shows an error in the lab/data collection. The group that ended up with a positive gross primary productivity was the 0. 02 MGM/l group. All 3 salinity variations had relatively the same net primary productivity, with 4 MGM/l being the lowest and 4. 8 MGM/l being the highest. The amount of salinity in the water also showed no difference in the plants respiration. The lowest was -4. 7 MGM/l in both 0. MGM/l and the zero salinity groups. The group with the highest amount of salt in the water had the highest respiration, which isnt something that would happen in real life. Evaluation: A main source of error in this lab was the type of Lana we used. Either the salt didnt affect it much or it didnt photosynthesis as well as we planned. There was an error in the data collection because the respiration values and gross productivity values were negative which would not happen in real life. Another problem with this lab is that it takes a while to get everything set up on the first day and can almost take two days which would not work because you need to collect the initial DO and taking more than one day would not make the DO reading initial. Conclusion: My hypothesis was not supported.

Cultural Interactions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Interactions - Essay Example This is not like most of the music around today, except perhaps in churches, but some gospel music has similar single voice to the chants, along with a chorus in the background which can echo the main voice. Most popular music has multiple kinds of instrumental accompaniment, and so it sounds completely different, with a lot of additional material beyond the main melody lines. The use of Latin recalls a long history of religious faith, and this reminds me of the musical â€Å"Evita† where at least one song has sections of Latin and this draws a parallel with the virgin Mary. The portrayal of the human figure in the Early Classical period (480 BCE) is rather stiff and lifeless. The male nudes, for examples, just appear as if they are stuck on to a fixed and flat background, and they are only intended to be viewed from the front. In the High Classical period (450-430 BCE) statues are made with the weight shifted to give the figure an impression of moving in one or other direction in space. There is also a striving after the perfect human body shape, and that is why so many sculptures are made of fine physical specimens of me, like warriors and athletes. In the Late Classical period (430-323 BCE) curves and sensuality are emphasized more, and there is also a focus on women as well as men. It is surprising how modern the people look, and this is partly because of the realism of the sculptures, and partly because modern ideas of male beauty have not changed very much: muscles are still fashionable and regarded as beautiful in men. The women look different fr om our ideal of supermodels, since they are heavier and have elaborate plaited hairstyles but they are still attractive, and indeed look much healthier than modern ideals of female beauty. Plato’s allegory of the cave is quite complex because it gives both a visual image and a verbal argument to illustrate deep concepts about how people come to know about

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business law - Assignment Example In the instance where the hotel may try to disclaim liability through posters that deny responsibility for loss of belongings by guests, they are simply trying to gain extra protection than that allowed under the law. In this case, hotels may lose protection against liability under state law while being held liable for loss by the guest (Sherry & Sherry, 2011: p105). In this case, Gullies Hotel provided a notice that limited its liability for items left in the rooms. However, the liability limit must be posted in a conspicuous place for the guest to read (Sherry & Sherry, 2011: p107). Gullies Hotel posted their liability limitation behind Freda’s door, and it is not clear if this is conspicuous place. UK statutes state that where a hotel provides for safe deposit boxes and notifies guests of the box by posting conspicuous notices notifying the guests of their presence. If the guests do not deposit their cash, jewelry, and other valuables in the boxes, the hotel cannot be held liable for the loss. ... Therefore, Freda cannot claim any liability from the hotel since it was through her negligence that she did not deposit her valuables with their safe deposit box. Q#2 The doctrine of precedent is defined as a policy that the courts that must abide by principles that were established in earlier cases and their decisions (Duxbury, 2008: p76). In The UK and the US, Common Law has adhered, traditionally, to precedents that were set in earlier cases as law sources. The doctrine of precedent distinguishes civil law systems from common law while giving extra weight to scholarly opinions and codes of law to explain them. Under this doctrine, when a court answers a specific question, this question in other cases that are similar must also elicit a similar response. This applies for the same courts or lower courts in the particular jurisdiction (Duxbury, 2008: p76). The doctrine of precedent has not always been applied with similar strictness. In medieval England, courts that dealt with common law looked for guidance from earlier cases, although they could not reject the ones that were considered to be bad law (Duxbury, 2008: p77). The courts also applied incomplete reliance on decisions made earlier since there were no written judgments. Official reports of court hearings started to be made in the United States in the early 1800s while this happened in 1865, in England. Finally, judges and lawyers got direct access to these rulings and were able to interpret their decisions more accurately. In order for the doctrine to be effective, all the jurisdictions need a higher court to declare the precedent-setting case in law. In the US, the Supreme Court acts as a

Art museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art museum - Essay Example This essay discusses that Getty Museum is that it offered any viewer, who might not even have a definite or groomed sense of appreciation for art him/herself, a clear insight into the Byzantine culture and the monastic life that was a hallmark of the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine. The way myriad historical objects were displayed in this exhibition took a viewer immediately into another part of the world, the part that was alive with all the vibrant colors of a rich culture about thousands of years ago. About fifty-three objects were transferred from the ancient monastery in Sinai from Egypt to Los Angeles for organizing this unparallel exhibition. Monks have resided at the foot of the Mount Sinai since the third century, and since then the various rare and historically and culturally important objects there have been tried to be preserved by the generations of monks at the monastery. The veneration of icons in the monastery continued uninterrupted by the monks because this place was left safe from the wild destruction of religious objects, which was a defining feature of the Byzantine emperorship.   An unprecedented look at some of the world’s oldest surviving icons that prove to be potentially capable of giving the viewers an insight into the ancient Egyptian culture was an ultimate goal of the exhibition held at the Getty Museum named Icons From Sinai. Another important goal of this exhibition was to bare the astoundingly marvelous aura of these ancient remnants for the eyes of the general public.            Ã‚  ... on held at the Getty museum is that it offered any viewer, who might not even have a definite or groomed sense of appreciation for art him/herself, a clear insight into the Byzantine culture and the monastic life that was a hallmark of the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine. I am not stating this fact merely for the sake of empty appreciation, but the way myriad historical objects were displayed in this exhibition took a viewer immediately into an another part of the world, the part that was alive with all the vibrant colors of a rich culture about thousands of years ago. About fifty-three objects were transferred from the ancient monastery in Sinai from Egypt to Los Angeles for organizing this unparallel exhibition. Monks have resided at the foot of the Mount Sinai since the third century, and since then the various rare and historically and culturally important objects there have been tried to be preserved by the generations of monks at the monastery. The veneration of icons in the monastery continued uninterrupted by the monks because this place was left safe from the wild destruction of religious objects, which was a defining feature of the Byzantine emperorship. The viewers, including myself, got to appreciate a vivid picture of the cultural history of the Monastery of Saint Catherine and Mount Sinai via many priceless objects displayed in the exhibition. An unprecedented look at some of the world’s oldest surviving icons that prove to be potentially capable of giving the viewers an insight into the ancient Egyptian culture, was an ultimate goal of the exhibition held at the Getty Museum named Icons From Sinai. Another important goal of this exhibition was to bare the astoundingly marvelous aura of these ancient remnants for the eyes of the general public.

Acid Rain :: essays research papers fc

There is a considerable problem today in our world, and its effects are astronomical. This problem is acid rain. Acid rain is any precipitation; rain, snow, or fog that contains acids such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. These chemicals are byproducts of industrial processes and or burning of fossil fuels. The United States pumped a disgusting 16.8 tons of SO2 into the atmosphere in 1995 (Alm 349.) Nitrogen oxide emissions come mainly from the combustion engines, that operate our vehicles, furnaces, industrial and electrical utility boilers and engines. It is hard to believe that in the United States, also in 1995, the NOx emissions were an estimated 21.7 tons in weight ( Alm 349.) If these pollutants are present in the atmosphere, they can travel, via wind currents, long distances, and return to the earth dissolved in one or more types of precipitation contaminated by said chemical waste. Regular old rain, not contaminated by acid, is slightly acidic, with a pH of 5.6. This slight acidity is caused by carbon dioxide, that is naturally found in the atmosphere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Acid rain effects every single aspect of every ecosystem. Acid rain is devastating to aquatic life, crops and forests, and not to mention human life. One would tend to think that acid rain would greatly affect trees and plants, this based on the tree’s direct contact with the acid rain. An estimated sixty five percent of trees are effected by acid rain. The leaves of the trees are scarred by the rain, the seeds sterilized, and the immune system of entire forests are damaged, exposing them to disease infestation. The growth of forestlands can also be greatly slowed by the effects of acid rain. Lakes are also greatly affected by contaminated precipitation. It has been discovered that some twenty thousand lakes have been turned acidic through groundwater contamination by acid rain. Fish start to die at around a pH of below 5.6. There are natural buffers such as calcium and lime in lakes to help neutralize these acids. If there aren’t enough buffer mater ials, or they are completely neutralized by the acids, the pH will not get better, and the lake will become sterile (Public 22.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What can we do to help control the problem of acid rain? Well, the obvious comes to mind. The emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that are released into the air must be controlled.

Ralph Ellison’s Battle Royale Essay

Ralph Ellison’s Battle Royal provides a realistic perspective of a Negro man striving to live in a nation dominated by white supremacy. The story speaks of the conflicts between the white and blacks as well as the conflicts that arise within the narrator and himself. Battle Royal resembles a black man’s place in society, the American Dream, and the use of symbolism to convey this thought. Ellison uses symbols and imagery to engage the readers by bringing them to a time period in history where social equality frowned upon. Society in the 1900s was very different in terms of the social status among the American people. In the 1900s, blacks were strongly discriminated against the whites. Discrimination was not against the law as blacks were deemed free but must be segregated against the whites. The idea of a white dominate society was still in existent. Ellison was born (in the year 1914) into this era of racial discrimination and segregation. The story begins with the narrator reminiscing about the past when his grandfather was on his deathbed. The grandfather delivers a speech to the narrator that proves to haunt the narrator for the rest of his life. The grandfather said, â€Å"Son, after I’m gone, I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in the enemy’s country ever since I give up my gun back in the Reconstruction. Live with your head in the lion’s mouth. I want you to overcome ’em with yeses, undermine ’em with grins, agree to death and destruction, let ’em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open† (Ellison 258). The narrator was extremely puzzled with the words from his grandfather; he had thought that his grandfather had gone insane. The flashback the narrator has reminds himself of his roots, his grandfather had taunted him with his dying speech for the rest of the narrator’s life. The narrator had been living as a rebel and a traitor without even realizing it. He was praised by many white men and was considered an example of desirable conduct. â€Å"I was praised by then most lily-white men of the town. I was considered an example of desirable conduct. – just as my grandfather had been† (Ellison 259). Ellison and his grandfather were considered traitors because they were outstanding blacks in a society of white dominants. The mere fact of a black succeeding is considered treachery and rebellious in the 1900s where white dominated. The narrator believes that he is successful in this white dominated society, but in actuality, the whites are only using him for entertainment. â€Å"When I got there I discovered that it was on the occasion of a smoker, and I was told that since I was to be there anyways I might as well take part in the battle royal to be fought by some of my schoolmates as part of the entertainment†(Ellison 259). This quote from the novel describes exactly how the blacks were treated. All of the blacks were expected to entertain the whites in the Battle Royal. The black were symbolic and was represented as objects used to entertain the whites. Ellison uses many symbols in Battle Royal to demonstrate the lack of black equality. The battle itself is a symbol the narrator’s never ending battle for social equality. The battle also represents the lack of freedom the narrator had, he was forced into a fight without any say. â€Å"We were rushed up to the front of the ballroom, where it smelled even more strongly of tobacco and whiskey. Then we were pushed into place† (Ellison 260). The stripper represents the amount of control the white men had over the blacks. Recall that in the 1900s, blacks were heavily discriminated; many blacks would have been persecuted for sight of a white woman. The narrator felt guilt and fear and was not sure how to react. â€Å"I felt a wave of irrational guilt and fear. My teeth chattered, my skin turned to goose flesh, my knees knocked. Yet I was strongly attracted and looked in spite of myself† (Ellison 261). The naked woman also symbolizes the confusion of the narrator, he is not sure how to react and this symbolizes his uncertainty in his role of society. The white blindfold represents how blacks were being brainwashed by the whites into the mindset of a white dominated society. The naked woman also symbolizes the lack of respect shown to women at this time of white male dominance. The American flag tattoo on the naked woman symbolized how a stripper had more social status than a black man. The tattoo also symbolizes the American Dream and the American paradigm. The American Dream defines the American culture and is used to describe the social status of a man in the American society. Ellison uses symbols from Battle Royal to describe the American Dream. The American flag tattoo on the naked woman shows represents the American Dream that can be achieved by anyone. However, the narrator is very close achieving the American Dream only to have it taken away from him. â€Å"I saw the rug covered with coins of all dimensions and a few crumpled bills. But what excited me, scattered here and there, were the gold pieces† (Ellison 266). The narrator had been given a chance at the American Dream only to be fooled when discovered the fake coins and electrocuted. â€Å"I lunged for a yellow coin lying on the blue design carpet, touching it and sending a surprised shriek to join those rising around me. I tried frantically to remove my hand but could not let go. A hot violent force tore through my body, shaking me like a wet rat. The rug was electrified† (Ellison 266-26). The narrator had been shocked not just physically but mentally. He was uncertain of this shock as it had hurt him. The promise of the American Dream was only a set of lies. The narrator had only been used to entertain the whites. â€Å"The huge face wavered down to mine as he tried to push me free. But my body was slippery and he was too drunk. †¦It was as though I had rolled through a bed of hot coals† (Ellison 267-268). The narrator is being thrown onto the rug to be electrocuted, just to satisfy the entertainment of the whites. There was no American Dream for the blacks, only a fixed chance that would always favor the whites as the blacks were used for entertainment when shocked on the rug. Ellison’s Battle Royal depicts the struggles of many blacks during the era of racial discrimination and segregation. The narrator described in the story directly correlates to the life Ellison lived. He was one who was â€Å"others† and was blindfolded his entire life, following orders from whites and having the whites take advantage of him. The naked woman symbolized the amount of control whites had in society and how many women were disrespected whether white or black. Ellison also discusses the American Dream through the use of symbols including the electrified rugs and coins. The blacks would only be close to achieving the American Dream but never able to have the American Dream.